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Surah 55. Ar-Rahman

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55:46
وَلِمَنْ خَافَ مَقَامَ رَبِّهِۦ جَنَّتَانِ Waliman kh a fa maq a ma rabbihi jannat a n i
BUT FOR THOSE who of their Sustainer's Presence stand in fear, two gardens [of paradise are readied]22
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., two kinds of paradise, to be experienced simultaneously. Various interpretations are advanced on this score by the classical commentators: e.g., "a paradise for their doing of good deeds, and another paradise for their avoidance of sins" (Zamakhshari); or a paradise that "will comprise both spiritual and physical joys, [so that it will seem] as if it were two paradises" (Razi). Finally, one might conclude that the pointed reference to the "two gardens" of paradise contains - like the preceding reference to the sinners' "wandering between hell and burning despair" - a pointed allusion to the allegorical character of all descriptions of the life to come, as well as to the inexpressible intensity (or multiplication) of all imaginable and unimaginable sensations in that afterlife. The subsequent descriptions of the joys of paradise must be understood in the same symbolic light.

For those who fear the time when they will have to stand before their Rabb there are two gardens.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And whoever is in awe of standing before their Lord will have two Gardens.
  - Mustafa Khattab
But for him who feareth the standing before his Lord there are two gardens.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
But for such as fear the time when they will stand before (the Judgment Seat of) their Lord there will be two Gardens 5204 5205
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The reference to the Punishment of Sin having been dismissed in a few short lines, we now come to a description of the state of the Blessed.

Here two Gardens are mentioned, and indeed four, counting the other two mentioned in lv. 62-76. Opinions are divided about this, but the best opinion is that the two mentioned in verses 46-61 are for the degree of those Nearest to Allah (Muqarrabun), and those in verses 62-76 for the Companions of the Right Hand: Why two for each? The Duality is to express variety, and the whole scheme of the Sura runs in twos. There will be no dulness of uniformity: as our minds can conceive it now, there will be freshness in change, but it will be from Bliss to Bliss, and there will be Unity.

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55:47
فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ Fabiayyi a l a i rabbikum a tuka thth ib a n i
which, then, of your Sustainer's powers can you disavow?
  - Mohammad Asad
Then, O jinn and men, which of your Rabb’s favors will both of you deny?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Then which of your Lord's favours will you both deny?
  - Mustafa Khattab
Which is it, of the favors of your Lord, that ye deny?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Then which of the favors of your Lord will ye deny?
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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55:48
ذَوَاتَآ أَفْنَانٍ Th aw a t a afn a n in
[two gardens] of many wondrous hues.23
  - Mohammad Asad

According to Tabari, the noun fann (lit., "mode" or "manner") is in this case synonymous with lawn ("colour" or "hue"). Afnan is a double plural, and hence denotes "many hues"; and since - as pointed out in the Taj al-'Arus - one of the several accepted meanings of fann is "a wonderful thing", afnan can also be understood as "many wonderful things". The rendering adopted by me combines both these interpretations. - As regards the indescribable nature of what is termed "paradise", see 32:17 and the corresponding note [15].

Having shady trees with lush green branches.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
'Both will be' with lush branches.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Of spreading branches.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Containing all kinds (of trees and delights)
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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55:49
فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ Fabiayyi a l a i rabbikum a tuka thth ib a n i
Which, then, of your Sustainer's powers can you disavow?
  - Mohammad Asad
Then, O jinn and men, which of your Rabb’s favors will of you deny?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Then which of your Lord's favours will you both deny?
  - Mustafa Khattab
Which is it, of the favors of your Lord, that ye deny?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Then which of the favors of your Lord will ye deny?
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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55:50
فِيهِمَا عَيْنَانِ تَجْرِيَانِ Feehim a AAayn a ni tajriy a n i
In [each of] these two [gardens] two springs will flow.24
  - Mohammad Asad

The "two springs" of paradise call to mind the "two seas" spoken of in {18:60-61}, which, according to Baydawi, symbolize the two sources or streams of knowledge accessible to man: the one obtained through the observation and intellectual analysis of external phenomena ('ilm az-zahir), and the other through inward, mystic insight ('ilm al-batin).

Each of them will be watered by two flowing springs.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
In each 'Garden' will be two flowing springs.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Wherein are two fountains flowing.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
In them (each) will be two Springs flowing (free); 5206
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Two Springs, for the same reasons as there will be two Gardens. See last note.

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55:51
فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ Fabiayyi a l a i rabbikum a tuka thth ib a n i
Which, then, of your Sustainer's powers can you disavow?
  - Mohammad Asad
Then, O jinn and men, which of your Rabb’s favors will both of you deny?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Then which of your Lord's favours will you both deny?
  - Mustafa Khattab
Which is it, of the favors of your Lord, that ye deny?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Then which of the favors of your Lord will ye deny?
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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55:52
فِيهِمَا مِن كُلِّ فَـٰكِهَةٍ زَوْجَانِ Feehim a min kulli f a kihatin zawj a n i
In [each of] these two will two kinds of every fruit be [found].25
  - Mohammad Asad

Zamakhshari: "a kind that is known and a kind that is strange (gharib)" - i.e., cognitions or sensations that are imaginable on the basis of our experiences in the present life, and such as are, as yet, unimaginable to us, and can, therefore, be only hinted at by means of symbols or allegories. Regarding the concept of "allegory" as such, see 3:7 and the corresponding note [8].

In both of them there will be two pairs of every fruit.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
In each will be two types of every fruit.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Wherein is every kind of fruit in pairs.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
In them will be Fruits of every kind two and two. 5207
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The Duality of Fruits is for the same reason as the Duality of the Gardens. See n. 5205.

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55:53
فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ Fabiayyi a l a i rabbikum a tuka thth ib a n i
Which, then, of your Sustainer's powers can you disavow?
  - Mohammad Asad
Then, O jinn and men, which of your Rabb’s favors will both of you deny?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Then which of your Lord's favours will you both deny?
  - Mustafa Khattab
Which is it, of the favors of your Lord, that ye deny?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Then which of the favors of your Lord will ye deny?
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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55:54
مُتَّكِـِٔينَ عَلَىٰ فُرُشٍۭ بَطَآئِنُهَا مِنْ إِسْتَبْرَقٍ ۚ وَجَنَى ٱلْجَنَّتَيْنِ دَانٍ Muttakieena AAal a furushin ba ta inuh a min istabraqin wajan a aljannatayni d a n in
[In such a paradise the blest will dwell,] reclining upon carpets lined with rich brocade;26 and the fruit of both these gardens will be within easy reach.
  - Mohammad Asad

Cf. 18:31 and the corresponding note [41]. The "reclining upon carpets" (or "upon couches" in 18:31 ) is a symbol of utter restfulness and peace of mind. The mention of the "carpets" of paradise being lined with rich brocade is perhaps meant to convey the idea that - just as the lining of a carpet is, as a rule, invisible - the beauty of paradise has nothing to do with outward show, being of an inner, spiritual nature (Razi). This concept appears already in an earlier interpretation, quoted by Zamakhshari, according to which the "carpets" spoken of here consist of light.

They will recline on couches upholstered with rich brocade while the fruit of the gardens will be within their easy reach.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Those 'believers' will recline on furnishings lined with rich brocade. And the fruit of both Gardens will hang within reach.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Reclining upon couches lined with silk brocade, the fruit of both gardens near to hand.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
They will recline on Carpets whose inner linings will be of rich brocade: the Fruit of the Gardens will be Near (and easy of reach). 5208
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The toil and fatigue of this life will be over: Cf. xxxv. 35.

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55:55
فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ Fabiayyi a l a i rabbikum a tuka thth ib a n i
Which, then, of your Sustainer's powers can you disavow?
  - Mohammad Asad
Then, O jinn and men, which of your Rabb’s favors will both of you deny?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Then which of your Lord's favours will you both deny?
  - Mustafa Khattab
Which is it, of the favors of your Lord, that ye deny?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Then which of the favors of your Lord will ye deny?
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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55:56
فِيهِنَّ قَـٰصِرَٰتُ ٱلطَّرْفِ لَمْ يَطْمِثْهُنَّ إِنسٌ قَبْلَهُمْ وَلَا جَآنٌّ Feehinna q as ir a tu a l tt arfi lam ya t mithhunna insun qablahum wal a j a n nun
In these [gardens] will be mates of modest gaze, whom neither man nor invisible being will have touched ere then.27
  - Mohammad Asad

See {56:35-36} and the corresponding note [14]. As regards the expression qasirat at-tarf (lit., "such as restrain their gaze"), see note [46] on 38:52 , the earliest Qur'anic instance of this expression.

Therein will be bashful virgins, whom neither any man nor jinn has touched before.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
In both 'Gardens' will be maidens of modest gaze, who no human or jinn has ever touched before.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Therein are those of modest gaze, whom neither man nor jinn will have touched before them,
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
In them will be (Maidens) Chaste restraining their glances whom no man or Jinn before them has touched 5209 5210
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

See notes 4728-29 to xliv. 54.

Cf. xxxvii. 48 and n. 4064. Their purity is the feature hereby chiefly emphasised.

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55:57
فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ Fabiayyi a l a i rabbikum a tuka thth ib a n i
Which, then, of your Sustainer's powers can you disavow?
  - Mohammad Asad
Then, O jinn and men, which of your Rabb’s favors will both of you deny?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Then which of your Lord's favours will you both deny?
  - Mustafa Khattab
Which is it, of the favors of your Lord, that ye deny?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Then which of the favors of your Lord will ye deny?
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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55:58
كَأَنَّهُنَّ ٱلْيَاقُوتُ وَٱلْمَرْجَانُ Kaannahunna aly a qootu wa a lmarj a n u
[When you are promised splendours] as though [of] rubies and [of] pearls -
  - Mohammad Asad
So beautiful as though they were rubies and corals.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Those 'maidens' will be 'as elegant' as rubies and coral.
  - Mustafa Khattab
(In beauty) like the jacinth and the coral stone.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Like unto rubies and coral. 5211
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Delicate pink, with reference to their complexions and their beauty of form. The gems also indicate their worth and dignity.

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55:59
فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ Fabiayyi a l a i rabbikum a tuka thth ib a n i
which, then, of your Sustainer's powers can you disavow?
  - Mohammad Asad
Then, O jinn and men, which of your Rabb’s favors will both of you deny?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Then which of your Lord's favours will you both deny?
  - Mustafa Khattab
Which is it, of the favors of your Lord, that ye deny?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Then which of the favors of your Lord will ye deny?
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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55:60
هَلْ جَزَآءُ ٱلْإِحْسَـٰنِ إِلَّا ٱلْإِحْسَـٰنُ Hal jaz a o ali h s a ni ill a ali h s a n u
Could the reward of good be aught but good?
  - Mohammad Asad
Could the reward for goodness be anything but goodness?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Is there any reward for goodness except goodness?
  - Mustafa Khattab
Is the reward of goodness aught save goodness?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Is there any Reward for Good other than Good? 5212
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

This is the summing up of all the description used to express the Fruit of Goodness or Good. But the fullest expression can only be given in abstract terms: "Is there any reward for Good-other than Good?" Can anything express it better?

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