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Surah 6. Al-An'am, Ayah 165

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وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِى جَعَلَكُمْ خَلَـٰٓئِفَ ٱلْأَرْضِ وَرَفَعَ بَعْضَكُمْ فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ دَرَجَـٰتٍ لِّيَبْلُوَكُمْ فِى مَآ ءَاتَىٰكُمْ ۗ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ سَرِيعُ ٱلْعِقَابِ وَإِنَّهُۥ لَغَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌۢ
Wahuwa alla th ee jaAAalakum khal a ifa alar d i warafaAAa baAA d akum fawqa baAA d in daraj a tin liyabluwakum fee m a a t a kum inna rabbaka sareeAAu alAAiq a bi wainnahu laghafoorun ra h eem un
For, He it is who has made you inherit the earth,165 and has raised some of you by degrees above others, so that He might try you by means of what He has bestowed upon you.166 Verily, thy Sustainer is swift in retribution: yet, behold, He is indeed much-forgiving, a dispenser of grace.
  - Mohammad Asad

See 2.30, and the corresponding note [22].

I.e., by way of character, strength, knowledge, social position, wealth, etc.

He is the One Who has made you the inheritors of the earth and raised some of you in ranks over others so that He may test you in what He has given you. Surely your Rabb is swift in retribution; yet He is also very Forgiving, Merciful."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
He is the One Who has placed you as successors on earth and elevated some of you in rank over others, so He may test you with what He has given you. Surely your Lord is swift in punishment, but He is certainly All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
  - Mustafa Khattab
He it is who hath placed you as viceroys of the earth and hath exalted some of you in rank above others, that He may try you by (the test of) that which He hath given you. Lo! Thy Lord is swift in prosecution, and lo! He is Forgiving, Merciful.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
It is He who hath made you (His) agents inheritors of the earth: He hath raised you in ranks some above others: that he may try you in the gifts He hath given you: for thy Lord is quick in punishment: yet He is indeed Oft-Forgiving Most Merciful. 988
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Cf. ii. 30 and n. where I have translated "Khalifa" as "Vicegerent", it being god's Plan to make Adam (as representing mankind) His vicegerent on earth. Another idea implied in "Khalifa" is that of "successor, heir, or inheritor," i.e., one who has the ultimate ownership after the present possessors, to whom a life-tenancy has been given by the owner, have passed away. In xv. 23 occurs the striking word "heirs" (warithun) as applied to God: "We give life and death, and We are the Heirs (of Inheritors)." The same idea occurs in iii. 180, where see n. 485.

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