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Surah 25. Al-Furqan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
Bismi All a hi a l rra h m a ni a l rra h eem i
IN THE NAME OF GOD, THE MOST GRACIOUS, THE DISPENSER OF GRACE:1
  - Mohammad Asad

According to most of the authorities, this invocation (which occurs at the beginning of every surah with the exception of surah 9) constitutes an integral part of "The Opening" and is, therefore, numbered as verse {1}. In all other instances, the invocation "in the name of God" precedes the surah as such, and is not counted among its verses. - Both the divine epithets rahman and rahim are derived from the noun rahmah, which signifies "mercy", "compassion", "loving tenderness" and, more comprehensively, "grace". From the very earliest times, Islamic scholars have endeavoured to define the exact shades of meaning which differentiate the two terms. The best and simplest of these explanations is undoubtedly the one advanced by Ibn al-Qayyim (as quoted in Manar I,48): the term rahman circumscribes the quality of abounding grace inherent in, and inseparable from, the concept of God's Being, whereas rahim expresses the manifestation of that grace in, and its effect upon, His creation - in other words, an aspect of His activity.

In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
In the Name of Allah- the Most Compassionate, Most Merciful.
  - Mustafa Khattab
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
In the name of Allah Most Gracious Most Merciful. 19
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The Arabic words "Rahman" and "Rahim" translated "Most Gracious" and "Most Merciful" are both intensive forms referring to different aspects of God's attribute of Mercy. The Arabic intensive is more suited to express God's attributes than the superlative degree in English. The latter implies a comparison with other beings, or with other times or places, while there is no being like unto God, and He is independent of Time and Place. Mercy may imply pity, long-suffering, patience, and forgiveness, all of which the sinner needs and God Most Merciful bestows in abundant measure. But there is a Mercy that goes before even the need arises, the Grace which is ever watchful, and flows from God Most Gracious to all His creatures, protecting the, preserving them, guiding them, and leading them to clearer light and higher life. For this reason the attribute Rahman (Most Gracious) is not applied to any but God, but the attribute Rahim (Merciful), is a general term, and may also be applied to Men. To make us contemplate these boundless gifts of God, the formula: "In the name of God Most Gracious, Most Merciful": is placed before every Sura of the Qur-an (except the ninth), and repeated at the beginning of every act by the Muslim who dedicates his life to God, and whose hope is in His Mercy.

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25:1
تَبَارَكَ ٱلَّذِى نَزَّلَ ٱلْفُرْقَانَ عَلَىٰ عَبْدِهِۦ لِيَكُونَ لِلْعَـٰلَمِينَ نَذِيرًا Tab a raka alla th ee nazzala alfurq a na AAal a AAabdihi liyakoona lilAA a lameena na th eer a n
HALLOWED is He who from on high, step by step, has bestowed upon His servant the standard by which to discern the true from the false,1 so that to all the world it might be a warning:
  - Mohammad Asad

Almost all the commentators give this meaning to the term al-furqan. In the above context it denotes the Qur'an as well as the phenomenon of divine revelation as such. (For an amplified interpretation of this term by Muhammad 'Abduh, see note [38] on 2:53 .) The verbal form nazzala implies gradualness both in time ("successively") and in method ("step by step").

Blessed is the One Who has revealed Al-Furqan (the criterion to distinguish right from wrong: The Qur'an) to His servant, that he may be a Warner to the worlds;
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Blessed is the One Who sent down the Standard1 to His servant,2 so that he may be a warner to the whole world.3
  - Mustafa Khattab

 Al-Furqân, which is one of names of the Quran, means "the standard to distinguish between right and wrong."

 Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ).

 For both humans and jinn.

Blessed is He Who hath revealed unto His slave the Criterion (of right and wrong), that he may be a warner to the peoples.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Blessed is He Who sent down the Criterion to His servant that it may be an admonition to all creatures 3052 3053 3054
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Tabaraka: the root meaning is "increase" or "abundance". Here that aspect of Allah's dealing with His creatures is emphasised, which shows His abundant goodness to all His creatures, in that He sent the Revelation of His Will, not only in the unlimited Book of Nature, but in a definite Book in human language, which gives clear directions and admonitions to all. The English word "blessed" hardly conveys that meaning, but I can find no other without departing far from established usage. To emphasise the meaning I have explained, I have translated "Blessed is..." but "Blessed be..." is also admissible, as it brings out another shade of meaning, that we praise and bless His holy name.

That by which we can judge clearly between right and wrong. Here the reference is to the Qur-an, which has already been symbolised by light. This symbol is continued here, and many contrasts are shown, in the midst of which we can distinguish between the true and the false by Allah's Light, especially the contrast between righteousness and sin.

The pronoun in yakuna may refer either to Furqan (the Criterion) or to 'Abd (the holy Prophet). In either case the ultimate meaning is the same. The Qur-an is the standing Criterion for judgment between right and wrong.

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25:2
ٱلَّذِى لَهُۥ مُلْكُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَلَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُۥ شَرِيكٌ فِى ٱلْمُلْكِ وَخَلَقَ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ فَقَدَّرَهُۥ تَقْدِيرًا Alla th ee lahu mulku a l ssam a w a ti wa a lar d i walam yattakhi th waladan walam yakun lahu shareekun fee almulki wakhalaqa kulla shayin faqaddarahu taqdeer a n
He to whom the dominion over the heavens and the earth belongs, and who begets no offspring,2 and has no partner in His dominion: for it is He who creates every thing and determines its nature in accordance with [His own] design.3
  - Mohammad Asad

See note [133] on 17:111 .

I.e., in accordance with the function assigned by Him to each individual thing or phenomenon: cf. the oldest formulation of this idea in {87:2-3}.

He is the One to Whom belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth, has begotten no son and has no partner in His kingdom; He has created everything and ordained them in due proportions.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
'Allah is' the One to Whom belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth, Who has never had 'any' offspring, nor does He have a partner in 'governing' the kingdom. He has created everything, ordaining it precisely.
  - Mustafa Khattab
He unto Whom belongeth the sovereignty of the heavens and the earth. He hath chosen no son nor hath He any partne in the sovereignty. He hath created everything and hath meted out for it a measure.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
He to Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth: no son has He begotten nor has He a partner in His dominion: it is He Who created all things and ordered them in due proportions. 3055
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The majesty of Allah and His independence of all wants or help are mentioned to show how exceedingly great is His goodness in revealing His Will to us.

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25:3
وَٱتَّخَذُوا۟ مِن دُونِهِۦٓ ءَالِهَةً لَّا يَخْلُقُونَ شَيْـًٔا وَهُمْ يُخْلَقُونَ وَلَا يَمْلِكُونَ لِأَنفُسِهِمْ ضَرًّا وَلَا نَفْعًا وَلَا يَمْلِكُونَ مَوْتًا وَلَا حَيَوٰةً وَلَا نُشُورًا Wa i ttakha th oo min doonihi a lihatan l a yakhluqoona shayan wahum yukhlaqoona wal a yamlikoona lianfusihim d arran wal a nafAAan wal a yamlikoona mawtan wal a h ay a tan wal a nushoor a n
And yet, some choose to worship, instead of Him, [imaginary] deities that cannot create anything hut are themselves created.4 and have it not within their power to avert harm from, or bring benefit to, themselves, and have no power over death, nor over life, nor over resurrection!
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., whether they be inanimate "representations" of imaginary deities, or personified forces of nature or deified human beings. or simplv figments of the imagination.

Yet the unbelievers have taken besides Him other gods which can create nothing but are themselves created, which can neither harm nor help even themselves, and which have no power over life or death, or raising the dead to life.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Yet they have taken besides Him gods who cannot create anything but are themselves created. Nor can they protect or benefit themselves. Nor can they control life, death, or resurrection.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Yet they choose beside Him other gods who create naught but are themselves created, and possess not hurt nor profit for themselves, and possess not death nor life, nor power to raise the dead.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Yet have they taken besides Him gods that can create nothing but are themselves created; that have no control of hurt or good to themselves; nor can they control Death nor Life nor Resurrection. 3056
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

This is the first great distinction taught by the Criterion; to know the attributes of the true God, as against the false fancies of men.

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25:4
وَقَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓا۟ إِنْ هَـٰذَآ إِلَّآ إِفْكٌ ٱفْتَرَىٰهُ وَأَعَانَهُۥ عَلَيْهِ قَوْمٌ ءَاخَرُونَ ۖ فَقَدْ جَآءُو ظُلْمًا وَزُورًا Waq a la alla th eena kafaroo in h atha ill a ifkun iftar a hu waaAA a nahu AAalayhi qawmun a kharoona faqad j a oo th ulman wazoor a n
Moreover, those who are bent on denying the truth are wont to say, "This [Qur'an] is nothing but a lie which he [himself] has devised with the help of other people,5 who thereupon have perverted the truth and brought a falsehood into being."6
  - Mohammad Asad

Implying that the Qur'an, or most of it, is based on Judaeo-Christian teachings allegedly communicated to Muhammad by some unnamed foreigners (cf. 16:103 and the corresponding notes, especially note [130]) or, alternatively, by various Arab converts to Judaism or Christianity; furthermore, that Muhammad had either deceived himself into believing that the Qur'an was a divine revelation, or had deliberately - knowing that it was not so - attributed it to God.

Lit., "and thus, indeed, have they come with [or "brought"] a perversion of the truth" [which obviously is the meaning of zalm in this context] "and a falsehood". Whereas it is generally assumed that this clause constitutes a Qur'anic rebuttal of the malicious allegation expressed in the preceding clause, I am of the opinion that it forms part of that allegation, making the mythical "helpers" of Muhammad co-responsible, as it were, for the "invention" of the Qur'an.

Those who deny the Truth say: "This Al-Furqan (The Qur'an) is but a forgery which he (Muhammad) himself has devised and some other people have helped him." Unjust is what they do and falsehood is what they utter!
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
The disbelievers say, 'This 'Quran' is nothing but a fabrication which he1 made up with the help of others.' Their claim is totally unjustified and untrue!
  - Mustafa Khattab

 The Prophet (ﷺ).

Those who disbelieve say: This is naught but a lie that he hath invented, and other folk have helped him with it, so that they have produced a slander and a lie.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
But the Misbelievers say: "Naught is this but a lie which he has forged and others have helped him at it." In truth it is they who have put forward an iniquity and a falsehood. 3057
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Ifk, which I have translated a "lie" may be distinguished from zur at the end of this verse, translated "falsehood". The "lie" which the enemies attributed to the holy Prophet of Allah was supposed to be something which did not exist in reality, but was invented by him with the aid of other people: the implication was that (1) the Revelation was not a revelation but a forgery, and that (2) the things revealed e.g. the news of the Hereafter, the Resurrection, the Judgment, the Bliss of the Righteous and the sufferings of the Evil, were fanciful and had no basis in fact. Delusion is also suggested. The reply is that, so far from that being the case, the facts were true and the charges were false (zar),-the falsehood being due to the habits of iniquity for which the Misbelievers' whole mental and spiritual attitude was responsible.

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25:5
وَقَالُوٓا۟ أَسَـٰطِيرُ ٱلْأَوَّلِينَ ٱكْتَتَبَهَا فَهِىَ تُمْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلًا Waq a loo as at eeru alawwaleena iktatabah a fahiya tuml a AAalayhi bukratan waa s eel a n
And they say, "Fables of ancient times which he has caused to be written down,7 so that they might be read out to him at morn and evening!"
  - Mohammad Asad

Because it was known to his contemporaries that he was unlettered (ummi) and could not read and write.

And they say: "These are the stories of the ancients which he has copied down from what is read to him day and night."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And they say, ''These revelations are only' ancient fables which he has had written down, and they are rehearsed to him morning and evening.'1
  - Mustafa Khattab

 Some Arab pagans claimed that the Prophet (ﷺ) had been taught the Bible by some non-Arab Christians. The Quran itself (16:103) refutes this claim by arguing that a non-Arab could not come up with an eloquent Arabic scripture like the Quran when eloquent Arabs failed to produce something like it. For more details, see the Introduction.

And they say: Fables of the men of old which he hath had written down so that they are dictated to him morn and evening.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And they say: "Tales of the ancients which he has caused to be written: and they are dictated before him morning and evening." 3058
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

In their misguided arrogance they say: 'We have heard such things before; they are pretty tales which have come down from ancient times; they are good for amusement, but who takes them seriously?' When the beauty and power of the Revelation are pointed out, and its miracle as coming from an unlearned man, they again hint at other men who wrote them, though they could not produce any one who could write anything like it.

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