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Home > History > Khalifa Ali > Ali During the Caliphate of Othman - Activities of Ali during the caliphate of Othman
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1. Birth of Ali

2. Years of childhood

3. Ward of the Holy Prophet

4. Conversion to Islam

5. Battle Between the truth and falsehood

6. Social Boycott Of Banu Hashim

7. Year Of Sorrow

8. Farewell to Makkah

9. Early Days in Madina

10. Battle of Badr

11. Marriage of Ali

12. The Bani Qainuqa

13. The Battle of Uhud

14. Banu Nadeer

15. Battle of the Ditch

16. Campaign Against Banu Mustaliq

17. Banu Quraizah

18. Operations Against Banu Sa'ad

19. Treaty of Hudaibiya

20. Battle of Khyber

21. Conquest of Makkah

22. The Battle of Hunain

23. The Siege of Taif

24. Campaign Against Banu Tai

25. Christians Of Najran

26. Banu Zabada

27. Expedition To Tabuk

28. The Declaration of Discharge

29. Banu Ramla

30. Mission to Yemen

31. The Farewell Pilgrimage

32. Khum Ghadir

33. Death of the Holy Prophet

34. The Caliphate of Abu Bakr

35. Fatima Zahra

36. Ali's Oration on the Death of Abu Bakr

37. The Caliphate of Umar

38. Ali During the Caliphate of Othman

39. Election of Ali as the Caliph

40. The Caliphate Issue

41. Vengeance for the Blood of Othman

42. Deposition of Provincial Governors

43. Defiance of Muawiyah

44. Defection of Talha and Zubair

45. Ayesha

46. Ayesha's March to Basra

47. Battle for Basra

48. Ayesha's Occupation of Basra

49. Ali's March to Rabda

50. Ali's Missions to Kufa

51. Ali's March to Basra

52. Peace Parleys

53. The Battle of the Camel

54. Ali's Occupation of Basra

55. Kufa, the New Capital

56. Qais Bin Saad Ansari

57. Muawiyah

58. Amr Bin Al-Aas

59. In Quest of Peace with Muawiyah

60. Letters of Ali Addressed to Muawiyah

61. Ali's March to Syria

62. The Battle for Water

63. Months of Suspense

64. The Battle of Siffin

65. Arbitration Agreement

66. The Kharijites

67. Testament of Ali

68. The Arbitration

69. The Battle of Nahrawan

70. Ali's loss Egypt

71. Trouble in Basra

72. Revolt of Khurrit Bin Rashid

73. Raids of Muawiyah

74. Martyrdom of Ali-661 C.E.

75. Life of Ali, General Review

76. Ali, The Man

77. Distinctions of Ali

78. Ali in the Holy Quran

79. Ali, The Father of Sufism

80. Ali, The Gate of Knowledge

81. Ali The Poet

82. Ali, The Generous

83. Administrative Instructions of Ali

84. Judgements of Ali

85. Ali's Conduct of Wars

86. Social and Ethical Thought of Ali

87. Political Thought of Ali

88. Ali's concept of God

89. Ali on the Life of the World

90. Anecdotes of Ali

91. Similes of Ali

92. Sayings of Ali

93. Assessment of Ali by Eminent Muslims

94. Assessment of Ali by Western Scholars

During the caliphates of Abu Bakr and Othman, Ali held the dual offices of Chief Justice as well as Chief Secretary. Othman conferred the office of the Chief Secretary on his cousin Marwan. Ali remained as the Chief Justice. He continued to be a member of the Majlisi-Shura. The accounts that have came down to us are mostly silent about the activities of Ali. In the various history books we come across the judgments that Ali delivered during the caliphate of Umar, and marvel at the highly developed sense of judgment of Ali. I have not come across any judgment delivered by Ali during the caliphate of Othman though Ali is said to have held the office of the Chief Justice during this period. Although the Hashimites and the Umayyads belonged to the same stock, there was rivalry between the two houses. After the death of Abdul Muttabb, power passed on to Umayyads who enjoyed greater wealth. When the Holy Prophet declared his mission, the Umayyads led the Quraish in hostility against the Holy Prophet and the Muslims. The Umayyads accepted Islam after the conquest of Makkah in 680 C.E. thereafter the Umayyads acknowledged the superiority of the Hashimites. This position lasted for a short period of two years only as the Holy Prophet died in 632 C.E. Abu Bakr and Umar who were elected as the Caliphs thereafter did not belong either to the Hashimite or Umayyad section of the Quraish. Othman was an Umayyad and during his caliphate the Umayyads gained in power at the cost of the Hashimite. There is a passage in Nabj-ul-Balagha wherein Ali complains that the Umayyads were withholding from him what was his due as the camelman withholds the like of the she camel from her young one. It appears that during the caliphate of Othman, Ali led a more or less retired life, and did not take any active part in politics. By this time Ali had four wives and a number of children. During this period Ali devoted most of his time to religious exercises and domestic activities. After the death of the Persian emperor Yezdjurd his daughters were taken captive, and brought to Madina. When put to open auction the oldest princess slapped the auctioneer on the face. Ali advised that it was not proper that such distinguished persons should be put to open auction. The proper line of action was that the standard price should be faced, and whosoever paid the amount should get the princess. Ali purchased two princesses. He married one of them to his son Husain and the other to his step son Muhammad bin Abu Bakr. This shows that by this time the financial condition of Ali had considerably improved.

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