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Amr Bin Al-aas

Home ➜
History ➜
Khalifa Umar ibn al-Khattab ➜
Alim - Islamic software for Quran and Hadith

1. Pre-Islamic Period

>> Family

>> Hadart Umar In The Days Of Ignorance

>> Hadart Umar And Islam

>> Ta Ha

2. Conversion to Isalm

>> Al-Faruq

3. Early Life in Madina

>> Migration From Mecca

>> Early Days In Madina

4. Battle of Badr

>> Battle Of Badr

>> Captives of Badr

>> Umayr Bin Wahb

5. Life in Madina and Early Battles

>> The Call To Prayer

>> When Umar Slew The Men Who Appealed To Him

>> Battle Of Uhud

>> The Man Whom Umar Envied

>> Hafsa

>> The Jews

>> Battle Of The Trench

6. Treaty of Hudaibiya and Mustaliq

>> Treaty Of Hudaibiya

>> Post Hudaibia-Pact Developments

>> Raid On Al-Mustaliq

7. Umar and Women

>> Ayesha and Umar

>> Purdah For Women

8. Battles Before Conquest of Mecca

>> Expedition To Turbah

>> Battle Of Khyber

9. Mecca and Tabuk

>> The Conquest Of Mecca

>> Battle Of Hunain And Taif

>> Expedition To Tabuk

10. Life After the Conquest of Mecca

>> Rumour Of Divorce By The Holy Prophet

>> The Funeral Of Abdullah Bin Ubayy

>> When Gabriel Appeared In The Shape Of A Man

>> Tidings Of Paradise

>> The Farewell Pilgrimage

11. Death of the Holy Prophet

>> Passing Away Of The Holy Prophet

>> Election Of Abu Bakr As The First Caliph

>> Installation Of Abu Bakr As The Caliph

12. Abu Bakr the First Caliph

>> Usamah's Expedition To Syria

>> Defence Of Madina

>> Umar And Khalid Bin Walid

>> Umar As Adviser

>> Abu Bakr And Umar

13. Umar as Caliph

>> Nomination Of Umar As The Caliph

>> Umar's Inaugural Address

>> Umar's Address About His Conduct

>> Amirul Muminin

>> Umar's Allowance

>> Expulsion Of Jews And Christians From Arabia

14. Islamic Actions and Social Mandates

>> Tarawih

>> Umar And The Holy Quran

>> Umar And Mosques

>> The Hijri Calendar

>> Umar And Drinking

>> Slavery

>> Umar's Control Of Sexuality Laxity

>> Satires And Lampoons

>> The Dhimmis

>> Allowances And Stipends For The Muslims

>> Famines

15. Political and Governmental Actions

>> Umar's Criteria For Appointment As Governors

>> Political Administration

>> Land Administration

>> Army

>> Judicial Administration

>> Public Treasury and Coins

>> Public Words

16. Hadith and Fiqh

>> Umar and Hadith

>> Traditions On Religious Matters

>> Traditions Of Ethical Importance

>> Umar and Fiqh

>> Matters About Fiqh

17. Inter-Personal Relations and Interactions

>> The Land Of Fidak

>> Fay

>> Ushr

>> Khums

>> Imra-ul-Qais

>> Nabigha Al-Dhubyani

>> Zuhair Bin Abi-Salma

>> Aghlab and Labid, the Poets

>> When Umar Was Put To Explanation

>> Umar and Self Remorse

>> Friends Who Could Straighten Him

>> The Man Who Came To Murder Became A Convent

>> Criticism Against Umar

>> The Eid Moon

>> Umar's Attitude To Sinners

>> Abu Sufiyan And Umar

>> Umar's Wife Acts As A Midwife

>> Atika Bint Zaid

>> Umm Hakim

>> Umar Marries A Milkmaid To his Son

>> Umar Flogs His Son To Death

>> The Woman Who Pined For Her Husband

>> Umar And His Whip

>> Umar's Care For The Poor

>> Stipends For Children

>> Umar Finds Clue To Murder

>> Jabala Bin Aiham

>> Harat Umar And Nasr B. Hajjaj Alsalmi

>> Punishment For Illicit Love

>> Dismissal Of A Governor For Writing Poetry

>> Saeed Bin Aamir

>> Umair Bin Saad

>> Mugheera Bin Shu'Ba

>> Abdullah Bin Qart

>> Abu Musa Ashari

>> Trial Of Saad Bin Abi Waqas

>> Amr Bin Al Aas

>> Harith Bin Wahb Yashi

>> Qadama Bin Mazaun

>> Dismissal Of Khalid

>> Ayad Bin Ghanam

>> Abu Ubaid As Commander-In-Chief In Iraq

18. Expansion of Islam and Military Campaigns

>> Battle Of Namaraq

>> Battle Of Kasker

>> Battle Of The Bridge

>> Battle Of Buwaib

>> Campaings In South Iraq

>> S'aad Bin Abi Waqas

>> Campus At Zarud And Sharaf

>> To Qadisiyya

>> Adventures Of Taleaha

>> The Muslims Carried The Earth Of Persia

>> Rustam And Muslim Emissaries

>> The Battle of Qadisiyya

>> Battle Of Qadisiyya The Second Day

>> Exploits Of Abu Mihjan

>> Battle Of Qadisiyya The Third Day

>> Battle Of Qadisiyya The Last Day

>> News Of The Muslim Victory Carried To Umar

>> Al-Khansa

>> Battle Of Burs

>> Battle Of Babylon

>> Battle Of Sura And Deirkab

>> Battle Of Kusa

>> Battle Of Bahrseer

>> Capture Of Al-Madain

>> Heirlooms Of Persia

>> Battle Of Takreet And Mosul

>> Battle Of Jalaula

>> Campaigns Of Khaniqeen And Hulwan

>> Conquest Of Masabzan

>> Campaings Of Heet And Qirqassia

>> Kufa, Basra And Mosul

>> Campaign Of Ahwaz

>> Conquest Of Ahwaz And Dauraq

>> Battle Of Tustar

>> Battle Of Sus

>> Battle Of Junde Sabur

>> Hormuzan

>> Persia On The War Path

>> Umar's Call To Arms

>> No'man Bin Muqarrin

>> March To Nihawand

>> Battle Of Nihawand (First Phase)

>> Battle Of Nihawand (Second Phase)

>> Battle Of Hamadan

>> Umar And The Battle Of Nihaqand

>> Conquest Of Isfahan

>> Conquest Of Rayy

>> Conquest Of Tabaristan

>> Conquest Of Khurasan

>> Campaign In Fars

>> Conquest Of Fars And Sistan

>> Conquest Of Azarbaijan

>> Expedition To Armenia

>> Conquest Of Makran

>> Battle Of Bait Lihya

>> Conquest Of Damascus

>> Battle Of The Meadow Of Brocade

>> Deposition Of Khalid

>> The Raid Of Abul Quds

>> Battle Of Fahl

>> Battle Of Marj-ur-rum

>> Battle Of Emessa

>> Battle Of Yermuk

>> Battle Of Yermuk - The First Two Days

>> Battle Of Yermuk - Third And Fourth Days

>> Battle Of Yermuk - Fifth And Sixth Days

>> Episodes Of Yermuk

>> Conquest Of Syria

>> Fall Of Jerusalem

>> Umar's Address At Jabiah

>> Plague

>> Conquest Of Caesarea

>> The Muslims And The Sea

>> Second Battle Of Emessa

>> Amr Bin Al-aas

>> March To Egypt

>> Battle Of Babylon

>> March To Alexanderia

>> Battle Of Alexandria

>> The Nile

>> Fustat

>> Expedition To Nubia

>> Conquest Of Burqa And Tripoli

19. Death of Umar

>> Shadows Of Death

>> A Persian Stabbed Umar

>> Umar On Death Bed

>> Umar And His Successor

20. Testament and Assessment of Umar

>> Testament Of Umar

>> Elegies And Tributes On The Death Of Umar

>> Distinctions of Umar

>> Holy Prophet's Assessment Of Umar

>> The Holy Prophet's Joint Tributes To Abu Bakr And Umar

>> Assessment Of Umar By The Companions

>> Assessment By Western Writers

>> Assessment Of Umar By Oriental Writers

>> Sayings Of Umar

>> Umar And Sufism

>> Umar's Gift Of Forecasting

>> When Allah Corroborated Umar

>> Wives And Children Of Umar

>> The Coarse Food That Umar Ate

>> Umar's Standards Of Integrity For His Family Members

>> Umar In History

>> Chronology

Abu Ubaida the Commander-in-Chief of the Muslim forces in Syria died of plague in 639 A.D. Other Muslim Generals who fell victims to plague included Shuhrabil b. Hasana and Yazeed bin Abi Sufyan. On the death of the senior Generals, Amr bin Al-Aas was appointed as the Commander-in-Chief of the Muslim forces in Syria.

Amr bin Al-Aas belonged to the Bani Sahm clan of the Quraish. Like the other Quraish chiefs, Amr opposed Islam in the early days. He commanded a Quraish contingent at the battle of Uhud. In 630 A.D. in the company of Khalid bin Waleed, Amr bin Al-Aas rode from Mecca to Madina and there both of them were converted to Islam. Thereafter Amr took part in all the campaigns fought by the Muslims.

There is a story that in the days of ignorance when Amr was young he travelled once to Palestine with a caravan. One day it was the duty of Amr to shepherd the camels of the caravan in the plain outside Jerusalem. It was a hot day, and as Amr sat under the shade of a tree, he saw a weary traveller come that way. The traveller appeared to be in a bad state because of thirst. Amr placed his water skin at the disposal of the traveller who drank to his fill. Having quenched his thirst the traveller lay to rest under a nearby tree and soon he was sleep.

A little later Amr saw a snake crawl out from a hole and proceed to the sleeping traveller. Amr took out his bow and shot an arrow at the snake which fell dead. After some time the traveller woke to find that a dead snake lay near him. He asked Amr as to what had happened, and Amr told him that he had shot at the snake.

Turning to Amr, the traveller said, "You have saved my life twice firstly when I was dying of thirst, and secondly when I was exposed to the danger of the snake". He said that he would pay him an amount equivalent to the blood money for two lives. He stated that he had come to Jerusalem on a pilgrimage from Egypt. He was a priest in Egypt. He wanted Amr to accompany him to Egypt where he would pay the blood monely. Amr hesitated to visit Egypt but the Egyptian priest painted such a rosy picture of Egypt that the curiosity of Amr was excited and he ultimately agreed to accompany the Egyptian priest.

Amr and the Egyptian priest travelled to Egypt. Throughout the journey the priest looked after all the needs of Amr. When they reached Alexandria Amr was lodged in a magnificent mansion and treated as a royal guest. The host of Amr took him to attend the festival at the Hippodrome. One of the rites performed at the festival was the Golden Ball rite. A high priest struck a golden ball and sent it flying in the air. The belief was that he in whose sleeve the golden ball landed would be the ruler of Egypt. When the high priest struck the garden ball every one followed the path of the golden ball with tense expectation. As the ball curved in the air, it landed in the sleeve of Amr. The spectators were dumbstruck. They could not believe that an uncouth Arab from the desert could rule over Egypt. They thought that there had been some mistake somewhere in the shooting of the golden ball.

The host of Amr said to him, "Congratulations for one day you will rule over Egypt. How you will come to rule over Egypt I cannot say, but this omen from the gods on high can never be false. Strange are the ways of destiny and who knows some day you may come here as the ruler of Egypt."

Amr returned from Egypt loaded with gifts and money. The episode of the golden ball always remained fresh in the memory of Amr. He often tried to dismiss it as an idle dream, but in his heart of hearts there was a strong conviction that some day he would march to Egypt as its victor.

When Amr became the Commander-in-Chief of the Muslim forces in Syria, he incessantly thought of Egypt and his destiny to conquer it. Umar visited Syria in 639. On this occasion Amr waited on Umar and said:

"O Commander of the Faithful, permit me to march on Egypt. It will be a source of strength and sustenance for the Muslims. It is the richest of lands on earth".

Umar was not favourably inclined to the proposal, but Amr persisted. Ultimately Umar gave way and he said:

"Go and I shall seek Allah's guidance in the matter of your going. If on your march you receive a letter from me and I wish you to turn back then turn back if you have not entered Egypt by that time. If you have crossed the frontier when you receive my letter, then you may proceed and may God help you."

Having wrung this conditional permission from Umar Amr bin Al-Aas took a contingent of 4,000 picked soldiers and immediately took the road to Egypt.

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