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Home > History > Khalifa Uthman > The Byzantine Invasion of Europe - Siege of Alexandria
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1. Early Life

2. Conversion to Islam and After

3. Life in Madina

4. Treaty of Hudaibiyah

5. Conquest of Makkah

6. Passing Away of the Holy Prophet

7. The Caliphate of Abu Bakr and Umar

8. The Caliphate of Uthman

9. The Trial of Ubaidullah bin Umar

10. Sermons of Uthman

11. Religious Measures of Uthman

12. Economic Policies of Uthman

13. Public Works

14. Pubic Treasury

15. Military Administration

16. Political Administration

17. Social Organization Under Uthman

18. Uthman's Concept of the Caliphate

19. Governors of Uthman

20. The Byzantine Invasion of Europe

21. Muslim Conquest of North Africa

22. Campaigns Against Nubia

23. Naval Battles

24. Conquest of Spain

25. Conquest of the Island of Cypress

26. Campaigns in Syria, Armenia, and Asia Minor

27. Re-Conquest of Fars

28. Campaigns in Seestan

29. Re-Conquest of Tabaristan

30. Re-Conquest of Azarbaijan

31. Re-Conquest of Khurasan

32. Transoxiana

33. Yazdjurd

34. Agitation Against Uthman

35. Abdur Rahman bin Auf

36. Talha bin Ubaidullah

37. Ummair and Kammil

38. 'Ammar bin Yaris

39. Campaign of Vilification Against Uthman

40. 'Aamir bin Abdullah Tamimi

41. Facing the Challange of the Seditionists

42. Situation in Madina

43. Armed Revolt Against Hadrath Uthman

44. Siege of the Uthman's House

45. Uthman's Letter to the Pilgrims

46. Martyrdom of Hadrath Uthman

47. The Funeral of Hadrath Uthman

48. Funeral Orations

49. Eulegies on the Death of Hadrath Uthman

50. Naila's Letter to Amir Muawiyah

51. Consequences of the Martyrdom of Uthman

52. What the Companions Said About Uthman's Assasination

53. Ali bin Talib

54. Assessment

55. Uthman's Traditions

56. What the Holy Prophet said Abut Uthman

57. Uthman Disertations

58. Uthman and Sufism

59. Politics in the time of Uthman

60. Uthman in History

61. Hadrath Uthman the Man

62. Reflections of His Caliphate

The Muslims pursued the retreating Byzantines, and laid siege to Alexandria. The siege dragged on for some time. The Byzantines within Alexandria became the victims of mutual dissension. Ibn Bassama a gate-keeper of one of the gates contacted the Muslims, and offered to open the gate to the Muslims, in case he was granted amnesty. 'Amr b Al 'Aas accepted the offer. One night the gate was opened, and the Muslim force rushed inside the city. In a hand to hand fight that followed the Byzantines were defeated, and the Muslims recaptured the city. On occupying the city, Amr b Al 'Aas had the walls of the city demolished to prevent the enemy from taking shelter within the city. The Copts who had remained loyal to the Muslims were duly compensated for the losses they had suffered because of the invasion of the Byzantines. After reorganizing the administration of Alexandria, 'Amr b Al 'Aas returned in triumph to Fustat.

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