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Surah 14. Ibrahim

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14:41
رَبَّنَا ٱغْفِرْ لِى وَلِوَٰلِدَىَّ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَوْمَ يَقُومُ ٱلْحِسَابُ Rabban a ighfir lee waliw a lidayya walilmumineena yawma yaqoomu al h is a b u
Grant Thy forgiveness unto me, and my parents, and all the believers, on the Day on which the [last] reckoning will come to pass!"
  - Mohammad Asad
Our Rabb! Forgive me and my parents and all believers on the Day when the accountability will take place."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Our Lord! Forgive me, my parents, and the believers on the Day when the judgment will come to pass.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
Our Lord! Forgive me and my parents and believers on the day when the account is cast.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
"O our Lord! cover (us) with Thy Forgiveness me my parents and (all) Believers on the Day that the Reckoning will be established!" 1919 1920 1921 1922
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Read again n. 1912 above. Having prayed for his progeny, Abraham now prays for Allah's grace on himself, his parents, and the whole Brotherhood of Faith, irrespective of family or race or time, to be perfected in the ideal of Islam.

For the shades of meaning in the different words for Forgiveness, see n. 110 to ii. 109.

My parents. Abraham's father was an idolater (xliii. 26; vi. 74). Not only that, but he persecuted the Faith of Unity and threatened Abraham with stoning and exile (xix. 46); and he and his people cast him into the Fire to be burned (xxi. 52, 68). Yet Abraham's heart was tender, and he prayed for forgiveness for his father because of a promise which he had made (ix. 114), though he renounced the land of his fathers (Chaldea).

At the final Reckoning, all that may seem inequality or injustice in this world will be redressed. But the merits of the best of us will need Allah's Grace to establish us in that lasting Felicity which is promised to the righteous. And Abraham, as the father of Prophecy, prayed for all,-for the Universal Faith perfected in Islam.

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14:42
وَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَـٰفِلًا عَمَّا يَعْمَلُ ٱلظَّـٰلِمُونَ ۚ إِنَّمَا يُؤَخِّرُهُمْ لِيَوْمٍ تَشْخَصُ فِيهِ ٱلْأَبْصَـٰرُ Wal a ta h sabanna All a ha gh a filan AAamm a yaAAmalu a l thth a limoona innam a yuakhkhiruhum liyawmin tashkha s u feehi alab sa r u
AND DO NOT think that God is unaware of what the evildoers are doing: He but grants them respite until the Day when their eyes will stare in horror,55
  - Mohammad Asad

This verse connects with the last sentence of Abraham's prayer, namely, his reference to "the Day on which the [last] reckoning will come to pass". The wrongdoers mentioned here are those who indulge in the belief "that there are other powers that can rival God" (cf. verse {30} above), and thus commit the unforgivable sin of shirk. As regards the "respite" granted to them, see the first clause of 11:20 and the corresponding note [39].

Never think that Allah is unaware of what these unjust people are doing. He is only deferring their case to that Day when their eyes will be fixedly open,
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Do not think 'O Prophet' that Allah is unaware of what the wrongdoers do. He only delays them until a Day when 'their' eyes will stare in horror-
  - Mustafa Khattab
Deem not that Allah is unaware of what the wicked do. He but giveth them a respite till a day when eyes will stare (in terror).
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Think not that Allah doth not heed the deeds of those who do wrong. He but giveth them respite against a Day when the eyes will fixedly stare in horror
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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14:43
مُهْطِعِينَ مُقْنِعِى رُءُوسِهِمْ لَا يَرْتَدُّ إِلَيْهِمْ طَرْفُهُمْ ۖ وَأَفْـِٔدَتُهُمْ هَوَآءٌ Muh t iAAeena muqniAAee ruoosihim l a yartaddu ilayhim t arfuhum waafidatuhum haw a on
the while they will be running confusedly to and fro, with their heads upraised [in supplication], unable to look away from what they shall behold,56 and their hearts an abysmal void.
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "their gaze will not revert to them".

they will be running in terror with their heads uplifted, staring but seeing nothing and their hearts utterly vacant.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
rushing forth, heads raised, never blinking, hearts void.
  - Mustafa Khattab
As they come hurrying on in fear, their heads upraised, their gaze returning not to them, and their hearts as air.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
They are running forward with necks outstretched their heads uplifted their gaze returning not towards them and their hearts a (gaping) void. 1923
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

A picture of horror. The evil ones, when they realise the situation, will be dazed; their eyes will stare without expression, and never move back; their necks will be outstretched; their heads uplifted in terror of the Judgment from on High; and their hearts become empty of all hope or intelligence as the physical heart might become empty of blood when the circulation stops. In this state they will press forward to Judgment.

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14:44
وَأَنذِرِ ٱلنَّاسَ يَوْمَ يَأْتِيهِمُ ٱلْعَذَابُ فَيَقُولُ ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا۟ رَبَّنَآ أَخِّرْنَآ إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٍ قَرِيبٍ نُّجِبْ دَعْوَتَكَ وَنَتَّبِعِ ٱلرُّسُلَ ۗ أَوَلَمْ تَكُونُوٓا۟ أَقْسَمْتُم مِّن قَبْلُ مَا لَكُم مِّن زَوَالٍ Waan th iri a l nn a sa yawma yateehimu alAAa tha bu fayaqoolu alla th eena th alamoo rabban a akhkhirn a il a ajalin qareebin nujib daAAwataka wanattabiAAi a l rrusula awalam takoonoo aqsamtum min qablu m a lakum min zaw a l in
Hence, warn men of the Day when this suffering may befall them, and when those who did wrong [in their lifetime] will exclaim: "O our Sustainer! Grant us respite for a short while, so that we might respond to Thy call and follow the apostles!"57 [But God will answer:] "Why - were you not aforetime wont to swear that no kind of resurrection and retribution awaited you?58
  - Mohammad Asad

Cf. 6:27 .

Lit., "that there would be no going down [or "no removal"] whatever for you" - i.e., no passing-over from earthly life to a life in the hereafter, attended by God's retribution of sins: a reference to many people's refusal, often mentioned in the Qur'an, to believe in life after death and. hence. in God's ultimate judgment.

O Muhammad forewarn mankind of the Day when Our punishment will overtake them; when the wrongdoers will say: "Our Rabb! Give us a little more respite: we will answer Your call and follow the Rasools!" But it will be said to them, "Are you not the same people who once swore that you would never suffer a decline?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And warn the people of the Day when the punishment will overtake 'the wicked among' them, and the wrongdoers will cry, 'Our Lord! Delay us for a little while. We will respond to Your call and follow the messengers!' 'It will be said,' 'Did you not swear before that you would never be removed 'to the next life'?'
  - Mustafa Khattab
And warn mankind of a day when the doom will come upon them, and those who did wrong will say: Our Lord! Reprieve us for a little while. We will obey Thy call and will follow the messengers. (It will be answered): Did ye not swear before that there would be no end for you?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
So warn mankind of the Day when the Wrath will reach them: then will the wrongdoers say: "Our Lord! respite us (if only) for a short term: we will answer Thy Call and follow the apostles!" "What! were ye not wont to swear aforetime that ye should suffer no decline? 1924
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Zawal = decline from the zenith, as that of the sun, decline from the highest point reached by a heavenly body in its course through the sky. The ungodly are apt to think that their power will remain in the ascendant, on account of some material advantages given them temporarily by Allah, but they are constantly receiving warnings in history and revelation and from the example of others before them. There is a warning to the contemporary Pagan Makkans here; but the warning is perfectly general, and for all time.

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14:45
وَسَكَنتُمْ فِى مَسَـٰكِنِ ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوٓا۟ أَنفُسَهُمْ وَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمْ كَيْفَ فَعَلْنَا بِهِمْ وَضَرَبْنَا لَكُمُ ٱلْأَمْثَالَ Wasakantum fee mas a kini alla th eena th alamoo anfusahum watabayyana lakum kayfa faAAaln a bihim wa d arabn a lakumu alamth a l a
And yet, you dwelt in the dwelling-places of those who had sinned against their own selves [before your time],59 and it was made obvious to you how We had dealt with them: for We have set forth unto you many a parable [of sin, resurrection and divine retribution]."60
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., "you lived on the same earth, and in basically the same human environment, as those earlier generations who offended against all ethical values and thereby brought destruction upon themselves: hence, their tragic fate should have been a warning to you".

Lit., "the parables", i.e., the parables in the Qur'an which illuminate the idea of resurrection and of God's final judgment (Razi). See also note [37] above.

When you lived among those people who had wronged their souls, it was explained to you how We dealt with them and We even described for you their examples."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
You passed by the ruins of those 'destroyed peoples' who had wronged themselves.1 It was made clear to you how We dealt with them, and We gave you 'many' examples.
  - Mustafa Khattab

 Arab traders used to pass by the homes of some destroyed nations on their journeys to Syria and Yemen (such as ’Ȃd and Thamûd, respectively), stopping shortly for rest.

And (have ye not) dwelt in the dwellings of those who wronged themselves (of old) and (hath it not) become plain to you how We dealt with them, and made examples for you?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
"And ye dwelt in the dwellings of men who wronged their own souls: ye were clearly shown how We dealt with them; and We put forth many parables in your behalf!"
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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14:46
وَقَدْ مَكَرُوا۟ مَكْرَهُمْ وَعِندَ ٱللَّهِ مَكْرُهُمْ وَإِن كَانَ مَكْرُهُمْ لِتَزُولَ مِنْهُ ٱلْجِبَالُ Waqad makaroo makrahum waAAinda All a hi makruhum wain k a na makruhum litazoola minhu aljib a l u
And [this retribution will befall all evildoers because] they devise that false imagery of theirs61 - and all their false imagery is within God's knowledge. [And never can the blasphemers prevail against the truth - not] even if their false imagery were so [well-devised and so powerful] that mountains could be moved thereby.
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "they devised their devising", i.e., their blasphemous belief in the existence of other "divine powers" side by side with God: this is the interpretation given by Tabari towards the end of his long commentary on this verse. For my rendering of the term makr, in this context, as "false imagery", see surah {13}, note [62].

They hatched their plots but their plots were well within the sight of Allah, even though these were such which could move mountains.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
They devised every plot, which was fully known to Allah, but their plotting was not enough to 'even' overpower mountains 'let alone Allah'.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Verily they have plotted their plot, and their plot is with Allah, though their plot were one whereby the mountains should be moved.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Mighty indeed were the plots which they made but their plots were (well) within the sight of Allah even though they were such as to shake the hills!
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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14:47
فَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّ ٱللَّهَ مُخْلِفَ وَعْدِهِۦ رُسُلَهُۥٓ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ ذُو ٱنتِقَامٍ Fal a ta h sabanna All a ha mukhlifa waAAdihi rusulahu inna All a ha AAazeezun th oo intiq a m in
HENCE, do not think that God will fail to fulfil the promise which He gave to His apostles:62 verily, God is almighty, an avenger of evil!
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., the promise of resurrection and recompense on the Day of Judgment. This relates specifically to the "respite" occasionally granted to evildoers for the duration of their lifetime (cf. verse {42} above).

Never think that Allah will break the promise which He made to His Rasools: surely Allah is Mighty in power, the Lord of Retribution.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
So do not think 'O Prophet' that Allah will fail to keep His promise to His messengers. Allah is indeed Almighty, capable of punishment.
  - Mustafa Khattab
So think not that Allah will fail to keep His promise to His messengers. Lo! Allah is Mighty, Able to Requite (the wrong).
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Never think that Allah would fail His apostles in His promise: for Allah is Exalted in power the Lord of Retribution.
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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14:48
يَوْمَ تُبَدَّلُ ٱلْأَرْضُ غَيْرَ ٱلْأَرْضِ وَٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتُ ۖ وَبَرَزُوا۟ لِلَّهِ ٱلْوَٰحِدِ ٱلْقَهَّارِ Yawma tubaddalu alar d u ghayra alar d i wa al ssam a w a tu wabarazoo lill a hi alw ah idi alqahh a r i
[His promise will be fulfilled] on the Day when the earth shall be changed into another earth, as shall be the heavens,63 and when [all men] shall appear before God, the One who holds absolute sway over all that exists.
  - Mohammad Asad

This is an allusion to the total, cataclysmic change, on the Last Day, of all natural phenomena, and thus of the universe as known to man (cf. {20:105-107} and the corresponding note [90]). Since that change will be beyond anything that man has ever experienced or what the human mind can conceive, all the Qur'anic descriptions - in the next two verses as well as in many other places - of what is to happen on that Last Day are, of necessity, expressed in allegorical terms: and this applies also to all descriptions of man's condition, good or bad, in the life to come. (Cf. note [37] above, relating to the term "parable" often used in the Qur'an.)

Warn them of the Day when the earth will be changed to a different earth and the heavens as well, and all of them will stand before Allah, the One, the Irresistible;
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
'Watch for' the Day 'when' the earth will be changed into a different earth and the heavens as well, and all will appear before Allah- the One, the Supreme.
  - Mustafa Khattab
On the day when the earth will be changed to other than the earth, and the heavens (also will be changed) and they will come forth unto Allah, the One, the Almighty.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
One day the Earth will be changed to a different Earth and so will be the Heavens and (men) will be marshalled forth before Allah the One the Irresistible; 1925
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

"A new earth and a new heaven" refers to the entirely changed conditions at the end of things as we know them. Cf. xx. 105-107, xxxix. 67, 69, lxxiii. 14, lxxxii. 1, lxxxiv. 3.

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14:49
وَتَرَى ٱلْمُجْرِمِينَ يَوْمَئِذٍ مُّقَرَّنِينَ فِى ٱلْأَصْفَادِ Watar a almujrimeena yawmai th in muqarraneena fee ala s f a d i
For on that Day thou wilt see all who were lost in sin linked together in fetters,64
  - Mohammad Asad

In his commentary on this passage, Razi expresses the view that the reference to the sinners' being "linked together in fetters" is a metaphor of their own evil deeds and inclinations and, consequently, of the utter despair which will be common to all of them in the hereafter. To my mind, it may also be an allusion to the chain-reaction which every evil deed is bound to set in motion on earth, one evil unavoidably begetting another.

and on that Day you will see the criminals bound together in chains,
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
On that Day you will see the wicked bound together in chains,
  - Mustafa Khattab
Thou wilt see the guilty on that day linked together in chains.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And thou wilt see the Sinners that day bound together in fetters 1926
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Cf. xxxvi. 8, Ix. 71, lxix. 30.

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14:50
سَرَابِيلُهُم مِّن قَطِرَانٍ وَتَغْشَىٰ وُجُوهَهُمُ ٱلنَّارُ Sar a beeluhum min qa t r a nin wataghsh a wujoohahumu a l nn a r u
clothed in garments of black pitch, with fire veiling their faces.65
  - Mohammad Asad

According to Razi, the "garments of black pitch (qatiran)" and the "fire veiling their faces" are metaphors of the inexpressible suffering and loathsome horror which will enwrap the sinners' souls on the Day of Judgment. (See also surah {73}, note [7]

their garments will be made of tar and their faces will be covered with flames.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
with garments of tar, and their faces covered with flames.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Their raiment of pitch, and the Fire covering their faces.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Their garments of liquid pitch and their faces covered with Fire; 1927 1928
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Sirbal,- plural, Sarabil,- a garment or coat of mail, breast plate; something covering the most vital parts of the body; like the shirt or the Indian kurta.

Qatiran: black pitch, a resinous substance exuding from certain kinds of trees like the terebinth or the pines, or distilled from wood or coal. It catches fire readily. Issuing from the upper garments (Sarabil) the flames soon cover the face, the most expressive part of man's essence or being. The metaphor of fetters (n. 1926) is now changed to that of pitch, which darkens and sets on fire the soul of man.

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14:51
لِيَجْزِىَ ٱللَّهُ كُلَّ نَفْسٍ مَّا كَسَبَتْ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَرِيعُ ٱلْحِسَابِ Liyajziya All a hu kulla nafsin m a kasabat inna All a ha sareeAAu al h is a b i
[And all shall be judged on that Day,] so that God may requite every human being for all that he has earned [in life]: verily, God is swift in reckoning!
  - Mohammad Asad
Allah will requite each soul according to its deeds; surely Allah is swift in taking the account.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
As such, Allah will reward every soul for what it has committed. Surely Allah is swift in reckoning.
  - Mustafa Khattab
That Allah may repay each soul what it hath earned. Lo! Allah is swift at reckoning.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
That Allah may requite each soul according to its deserts; and verily Allah is Swift in calling account. 1929 1930
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Its deserts: i.e., according to what it earned by its own acts, good or evil, in its life of probation.

Swift in calling to account: We can understand this in two significations. (1) Let not the wicked think that because Allah, out of His infinite grace and mercy, grants respite, therefore the retribution will be slow in coming. When the time comes in accordance with Allah's Plan and Wisdom, the retribution will come so swiftly that the ungodly will be surprised and they will wish they could get more respite (xiv. 44). (2) On the great Day of Reckoning, let it not be supposed that, because there will be millions of souls to be judged, there will be any delay in judgment as in a human tribunal. It will be a new world and beyond the flight of Time. Or if a metaphor from time as we conceive it in this world can be taken, it will all be as it were in the twinkling of an eye (xvi. 77).

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14:52
هَـٰذَا بَلَـٰغٌ لِّلنَّاسِ وَلِيُنذَرُوا۟ بِهِۦ وَلِيَعْلَمُوٓا۟ أَنَّمَا هُوَ إِلَـٰهٌ وَٰحِدٌ وَلِيَذَّكَّرَ أُو۟لُوا۟ ٱلْأَلْبَـٰبِ H atha bal a ghun li l nn a si waliyun th aroo bihi waliyaAAlamoo annam a huwa il a hun w ah idun waliya thth akkara oloo alalb a b i
THIS IS A MESSAGE unto all mankind. Hence, let them be warned thereby, and let them know that He is the One and Only God; and let those who are endowed with insight take this to heart!
  - Mohammad Asad
This is a proclamation for mankind: let them take warning therefrom; let them know that He is the One and Only - worthy of worship - and let the men of understanding learn a lesson.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
This 'Quran' is a 'sufficient' message for humanity so that they may take it as a warning and know that there is only One God, and so that people of reason may be mindful.
  - Mustafa Khattab
This is a clear message for mankind in order that they may be warned thereby, and that they may know that He is only One God, and that men of understanding may take heed.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Here is a Message for mankind: let them take warning therefrom and let them know that He is (no other than) One Allah: let men of understanding take heed. 1931
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Here is another aspect of the Truth of Unity. Allah being One, all justice is of one standard, for Truth is one, and we see it as one as soon as the scales of phenomenal diversity fall from our eyes. The one true Reality then emerges. Blessed are those who treasured this Truth in their souls already in their life of probation.

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