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Surah 43. Az-Zukhruf

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43:51
وَنَادَىٰ فِرْعَوْنُ فِى قَوْمِهِۦ قَالَ يَـٰقَوْمِ أَلَيْسَ لِى مُلْكُ مِصْرَ وَهَـٰذِهِ ٱلْأَنْهَـٰرُ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِىٓ ۖ أَفَلَا تُبْصِرُونَ Wan a d a firAAawnu fee qawmihi q a la y a qawmi alaysa lee mulku mi s ra wah ath ihi alanh a ru tajree min ta h tee afal a tub s iroon a
And Pharaoh issued a call to his people, saying: "O my people! Does not the dominion over Egypt belong to me, since all these running waters flow at my feet?42 Can you not, then, see [that I am your lord supreme]?
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "beneath me", i.e., "at my command": a reference to the imposing irrigation system originating in the Nile and controlled by royal power.

One day Fir'on made a proclamation among his people: "O my people! Is not the kingdom of Egypt mine? Are not these rivers flowing beneath me? Can you not see?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And Pharaoh called out to his people, boasting, 'O my people! Am I not sovereign over Egypt as well as 'all' these streams1 flowing at my feet? Can you not see?
  - Mustafa Khattab

 Branches of the Nile.

And Pharaoh caused a proclamation to be made among his people saying: O my people! Is not mine the sovereignty of Egypt and these rivers flowing under me? Can ye not then discern?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And Pharaoh proclaimed among his people saying: "O my people! does not the dominion of Egypt belong to me (witness) these streams flowing underneath my (palace)? What! see ye not then? 4653
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The waw here in Arabic is the Waw haliya: the abundant streams from the Nile flowing beneath his palace being evidence of his power, prosperity, and sovereignty. The Nile made (and makes) Egypt, and the myth of the god Osiris was a compound of the myths of the Nile and the sun. The Pharaoh, therefore, as commanding the Nile, commanded the gods who personified Egypt. He boasted of water, and he perished in water,-a fitting punishment!

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43:52
أَمْ أَنَا۠ خَيْرٌ مِّنْ هَـٰذَا ٱلَّذِى هُوَ مَهِينٌ وَلَا يَكَادُ يُبِينُ Am an a khayrun min h atha alla th ee huwa maheenun wal a yak a du yubeen u
Am I not better than this contemptible man who can hardly make his meaning clear?43
  - Mohammad Asad

An allusion to the impediment in speech from which Moses suffered (cf. {20:27-28} and the corresponding note [17]), or perhaps to the contents of his message, which to Pharaoh appeared unconvincing.

Am I not better than this despicable wretch, who can hardly express himself clearly?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Am I not better than this nobody who can hardly express himself?1
  - Mustafa Khattab

 Moses used to have a speech impediment. But when he became a prophet he prayed to Allah to help him speak clearly, and his prayer was answered (see 20:25-36).

I am surely better than this fellow, who is despicable, and can hardly make (his meaning) plain!
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
"Am I not better than this (Moses) who is a contemptible wretch and can scarcely express himself clearly? 4654
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Being a despised Israelite in any case, and having further an impediment in his speech. See xx. 27, and notes 2552-53.

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43:53
فَلَوْلَآ أُلْقِىَ عَلَيْهِ أَسْوِرَةٌ مِّن ذَهَبٍ أَوْ جَآءَ مَعَهُ ٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ مُقْتَرِنِينَ Falawl a olqiya AAalayhi aswiratun min th ahabin aw j a a maAAahu almal a ikatu muqtarineen a
"And then - why have no golden armlets been bestowed on him?44 - or why have no angels come together with him?"
  - Mohammad Asad

In ancient Egypt, golden armless and necklaces were regarded as princely insignia (cf. Genesis xii, 42), or at least as evidence of high social dignity. This is apparently an echo of the pagan objection to Muhammad, mentioned in verse {31} above: "Why was not this Qur'an bestowed from on high on some great man of the two cities?" The same is the case with the subsequent reference to the "absence of angels".

If he is really a Rasool then Why have no gold bracelets been given to him, or angels sent down to accompany him?"
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Why then have no golden bracelets 'of kingship' been granted to him or angels come with him as escorts!'
  - Mustafa Khattab
Why, then, have armlets of gold not been set upon him, or angels sent along with him?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
"Then why are not gold bracelets bestowed on him or (why) come (not) with him angels accompanying him in procession?" 4655
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Gold bracelets and gold chains were possibly among the insignia of royalty. In any case they betokened wealth, and the materialists judge a man's worth by his wealth and his following and equipage. So Pharaoh wanted to see Moses, if he had any position in the spiritual kingdom, invested with gold bracelets, and followed by a great train of angels as his Knight-companions! The same kind of proofs were demanded by the materialist Quraish of our holy Prophet. These were puerilities, but such puerilities go down with the crowd. Barring a few Egyptians who believed in Allah and in the Message of Moses, the rest of Pharaoh's entourage followed Pharaoh in his pursuit of revenge, and were drowned in the Red Sea.

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43:54
فَٱسْتَخَفَّ قَوْمَهُۥ فَأَطَاعُوهُ ۚ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا۟ قَوْمًا فَـٰسِقِينَ Fa i stakhaffa qawmahu faa ta AAoohu innahum k a noo qawman f a siqeen a
Thus he incited his people to levity, and they obeyed him: for, behold, they were people depraved!
  - Mohammad Asad
Thus did he incite his people and they obeyed him; surely they were a nation of transgressors.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And so he fooled his people, and they obeyed him. They were truly a rebellious people.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Thus he persuaded his people to make light (of Moses), and they obeyed him. Lo! they were a wanton folk.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Thus did he make fools of his people and they obeyed him: Truly were they a people rebellious (against Allah).
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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43:55
فَلَمَّآ ءَاسَفُونَا ٱنتَقَمْنَا مِنْهُمْ فَأَغْرَقْنَـٰهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ Falamm a a safoon a intaqamn a minhum faaghraqn a hum ajmaAAeen a
But when they continued to challenge Us, We inflicted Our retribution on them, and drowned them all:
  - Mohammad Asad
At last when they provoked Us, We inflicted retribution on them and drowned them all,
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
So when they enraged Us, We inflicted punishment upon them, drowning them all.
  - Mustafa Khattab
So, when they angered Us, We punished them and drowned them every one.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
When at length they provoked Us We exacted retribution from them and We drowned them all 4656 4657
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Allah is patient, and gives many and many opportunities to the most hardened sinners for repentance. But at length comes a time when His justice is provoked, and the inevitable punishment follows.

Cf. vii. 136.

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43:56
فَجَعَلْنَـٰهُمْ سَلَفًا وَمَثَلًا لِّلْـَٔاخِرِينَ FajaAAaln a hum salafan wamathalan lil a khireen a
and so We made them a thing of the past, and an example to those who would come after them.
  - Mohammad Asad
and made them a lesson and an example for the later generations.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And We made them an example and a lesson for those after them.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And We made them a thing past, and an example for those after (them).
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And We made them (a people) of the Past and an Example to later ages. 4658
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Pharaoh and his hosts were blotted out, and became as a tale of the past. Their story is an instructive warning and example to future generations.

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43:57
وَلَمَّا ضُرِبَ ٱبْنُ مَرْيَمَ مَثَلًا إِذَا قَوْمُكَ مِنْهُ يَصِدُّونَ Walamm a d uriba ibnu maryama mathalan i tha qawmuka minhu ya s iddoon a
NOW WHENEVER [the nature of] the son of Mary is set forth as an example, [O Muhammad,] lo! thy people raise an outcry on this score,
  - Mohammad Asad
When Maryam's son Isa (Jesus) is quoted as an example, your people raise a clamor at it,
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
When the son of Mary was cited as an example 'in argument', your people 'O Prophet' broke into 'joyful' applause.1
  - Mustafa Khattab

 When 21:98 was revealed, warning the polytheists that all false gods will be in Hell, ’Abdullâh ibn Az-Ziba’ra, a poet who always attacked Islam, argued with the Prophet (ﷺ) that if what the verse says is true, then Jesus will be in Hell as well! The polytheists, who were present, laughed in agreement with this argument. The Prophet (ﷺ) replied that the verse was talking exclusively about idols, adding that Jesus himself did not ask anyone to worship him. Verse 21:101 was later revealed in support of the Prophet’s argument. Eventually, ’Abdullâh accepted Islam.

And when the son of Mary is quoted as an example, behold! the folk laugh out,
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
When (Jesus) the son of Mary is held up as an example behold thy people raise a clamor there at (in ridicule)! 4659
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Jesus was a man, and a prophet to the Children of Israel, "though his own received him not." Some of the churches that were founded after him worshipped him as "God" and as "the son of God", as do the Trinitarian churches to the present day. The orthodox churches did so in the time of the holy Prophet. When the doctrine of Unity was renewed, and the false worship of others besides Allah was strictly prohibited, all false gods were condemned, e.g., at xxi. 98. The pagan Arabs looked upon Jesus as being in the same category as their false gods, and could not see why a foreign cult, or a foreign god, as they viewed him, should be considered better than their own gods or idols. There was no substance in this, but mere mockery, and verbal quibbling. Jesus was one of the greater prophets: he was not a god, nor was he responsible for the quibbling subtleties of the Athanasian Creed.

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43:58
وَقَالُوٓا۟ ءَأَـٰلِهَتُنَا خَيْرٌ أَمْ هُوَ ۚ مَا ضَرَبُوهُ لَكَ إِلَّا جَدَلًۢا ۚ بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ خَصِمُونَ Waq a loo a a lihatun a khayrun am huwa m a d araboohu laka ill a jadalan bal hum qawmun kha s imoon a
and say, "Which is better - our deities or he?"45 [But] it is only in the spirit of dispute that they put this comparison before thee: yea, they are contentious folk!46
  - Mohammad Asad

Objecting to the Qur'anic condemnation of their idolatrous worship of angels - whom they describe here as "our deities" - the pagan Quraysh pointed to the parallel Christian worship of Jesus as "the son of God", and even as "God incarnate", and argued more or less thus: "The Qur'an states that Jesus was purely human - and yet the Christians, whom the same Qur'an describes as 'followers of earlier revelation' (ahl al-kitab), consider him divine. Hence, are we not rather justified in our worshipping angels, who are certainly superior to a mere human being?" The fallacy inherent in this "argument" is disposed of in the sequence.

Since the Qur'an condemns explicitly, and in many places, the deification of Jesus by the Christians, this unwarranted deification cannot be used as an argument in favour of the pagan worship of angels and, thus, against the Qur'an: in the words of Zamakhshari, such an argument amounts to "applying a false analogy to a false proposition" (qiyas basil bi-batil).

and say: "Are Our gods better or is he?" They cite this to you merely to provoke you. They are but a quarrelsome people.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
They exclaimed, 'Which is better: our gods or Jesus?' They cite him only to argue. In fact, they are a people prone to dispute.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And say: Are our gods better, or is he? They raise not the objection save for argument. Nay! but they are a contentious folk.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And they say " Are Our gods best or He?" This they set forth to thee only by way of disputation: yea they are a contentious people.
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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43:59
إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا عَبْدٌ أَنْعَمْنَا عَلَيْهِ وَجَعَلْنَـٰهُ مَثَلًا لِّبَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ In huwa ill a AAabdun anAAamn a AAalayhi wajaAAaln a hu mathalan libanee isr a eel a
[As for Jesus,] he was nothing but [a human being -] a servant [of Ours] whom We had graced [with prophethood], and whom We made an example for the children of Israel.
  - Mohammad Asad
He (Jesus) was no more than a mortal whom We favored and made an example to the children of Israel.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
He was only a servant We showed favour to, and made as an example for the Children of Israel.
  - Mustafa Khattab
He is nothing but a slave on whom We bestowed favor, and We made him a pattern for the Children of Israel.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
He was no more than a servant: We granted Our favor to him and We made him an example to the Children of Israel. 4660
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

A reference to the limited mission of the prophet Jesus, whose Gospel to the Jews only survives in uncertain fragmentary forms.

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43:60
وَلَوْ نَشَآءُ لَجَعَلْنَا مِنكُم مَّلَـٰٓئِكَةً فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ يَخْلُفُونَ Walaw nash a o lajaAAaln a minkum mal a ikatan fee alar d i yakhlufoon a
And had We so willed, [O you who worship angels,] We could indeed have made you into angels succeeding one another on earth!47
  - Mohammad Asad

Implying not only that Jesus was not a supernatural being, but that the angels, too, are mere created beings finite in their existence - as indicated by the phrase "succeeding one another" - and, therefore, utterly removed from the status of divinity (Baydawi).

Had it been Our will, We could create angels from you to succeed you in the earth.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Had We willed, We could have easily replaced you 'all' with angels,1 succeeding one another on earth.
  - Mustafa Khattab

 Or “We could have easily produced angels from you …”

And had We willed We could have set among you angels to be viceroys in the earth.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And if it were Our Will We could make angels from amongst you succeeding each other on the earth. 4661
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

If it were said that the birth of Jesus without a father sets him above other prophets, the creation of angels without either father or mother would set them still higher, especially as angels do not eat and drink and are not subject to physical laws. But angels are not higher.

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43:61
وَإِنَّهُۥ لَعِلْمٌ لِّلسَّاعَةِ فَلَا تَمْتَرُنَّ بِهَا وَٱتَّبِعُونِ ۚ هَـٰذَا صِرَٰطٌ مُّسْتَقِيمٌ Wainnahu laAAilmun li l ss a AAati fal a tamtarunna bih a wa i ttabiAAooni h atha s ir at un mustaqeem un
AND, BEHOLD, this [divine writ] is indeed a means to know [that] the Last Hour [is bound to come];48 hence, have no doubt whatever about it, but follow Me: this [alone] is a straight way.
  - Mohammad Asad

Whereas most of the commentators regard the pronoun hu in innahu as relating to Jesus and, consequently, interpret the above phrase as "he is indeed a means to know [i.e., an indication of the coming of] the Last Hour", some authorities - e.g., Qatadah, Al-Hasan al-Basri and Sa'id ibn Jubayr (all of them quoted by Tabari, Baghawi and Ibn Kathir) - relate the pronoun to the Qur'an, and understand the phrase in the sense adopted in my rendering. The specific mention of the Last Hour in the above context is meant to stress man's ultimate responsibility before the Creator and, therefore, the fact that worship is due to Him alone: and so this parenthetic passage follows logically upon the mention of the false deification of Jesus.

He (Jesus) is, in fact, a sign for the coming of the Hour of Doom. Therefore, have no doubt about its coming, follow me; this is the Right Way.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And his 'second' coming is truly a sign for the Hour. So have no doubt about it, and follow me. This is the Straight Path.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And lo! verily there is knowledge of the Hour. So doubt ye not concerning it, but follow Me. This is the right path.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And (Jesus) shall be a Sign (for the coming of) the Hour (of Judgment): therefore have no doubt about the (Hour) but follow ye Me: this is a Straight Way. 4662
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

This is understood to refer to the second coming of Jesus in the Last Days before the Resurrection, when he will destroy the false doctrines that pass under his name, and prepare the way for the universal acceptance of Islam, the Gospel of Unity and Peace, the Straight Way of the Qur-an.

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43:62
وَلَا يَصُدَّنَّكُمُ ٱلشَّيْطَـٰنُ ۖ إِنَّهُۥ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُّبِينٌ Wal a ya s uddannakumu a l shshay ta nu innahu lakum AAaduwwun mubeen un
And let not Satan bar you [from it] - for, verily, he is your open foe!
  - Mohammad Asad
Let not shaitan mislead you, for he is your open enemy.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And do not let Satan hinder you, 'for' he is certainly your sworn enemy.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And let not Satan turn you aside. Lo! he is an open enemy for you.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Let not the Evil One hinder you: for he is to you an enemy avowed.
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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43:63
وَلَمَّا جَآءَ عِيسَىٰ بِٱلْبَيِّنَـٰتِ قَالَ قَدْ جِئْتُكُم بِٱلْحِكْمَةِ وَلِأُبَيِّنَ لَكُم بَعْضَ ٱلَّذِى تَخْتَلِفُونَ فِيهِ ۖ فَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ Walamm a j a a AAees a bi a lbayyin a ti q a la qad jitukum bi a l h ikmati waliobayyina lakum baAA d a alla th ee takhtalifoona feehi fa i ttaqoo All a ha waa t eeAAoon i
NOW WHEN Jesus came [to his people] with all evidence of the truth, he said: "I have now come unto you with wisdom,49 and to make clear unto you some of that on which you are at variance:50 hence, be conscious of God, and pay heed unto me.
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., with divine revelation.

According to Tabari, the restrictive allusion to "some of that . . .", etc., bears on the realm of faith and morals alone, since it was not a part of Jesus' mission to deal with problems of his people's worldly life. This observation coincides with the image of Jesus forthcoming from the (admittedly fragmentary) description of his teachings available to us in the Synoptic Gospels.

When Isa (Jesus) came with clear signs, he stated: "I have brought you wisdom, and to clarify some of those things about which you have disputes: so fear Allah and obey me.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
When Jesus came with clear proofs, he declared, 'I have come to you with wisdom, and to clarify to you some of what you differ about. So fear Allah, and obey me.
  - Mustafa Khattab
When Jesus came with clear proofs (of Allah's sovereignty), he said: I have come unto you with wisdom, and to make plain some of that concerning which ye differ. So keep your duty to Allah, and obey me.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
When Jesus came with Clear Signs he said: "Now have I come to you with Wisdom and in order to make clear to you some of the (points) on which ye dispute: therefore fear Allah and obey me. 4663
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

True wisdom consists in understanding the unity of the Divine purpose and the Unity of the Divine Personality. The man Jesus came to reconcile the jarring sects in Israel, and his true teaching was just the same as that which was expounded in a wider form by Islam. He did not claim to be God: why should not the Christians follow the doctrine of Unity rather than what has become their ancestral and traditional custom?

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43:64
إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ هُوَ رَبِّى وَرَبُّكُمْ فَٱعْبُدُوهُ ۚ هَـٰذَا صِرَٰطٌ مُّسْتَقِيمٌ Inna All a ha huwa rabbee warabbukum fa o AAbudoohu h atha s ir at un mustaqeem un
"Verily, God is my Sustainer as well as your Sustainer; so worship [none but] Him: this [alone] is a straight way!"
  - Mohammad Asad
Surely it is Allah Who is my Rabb and your Rabb, so worship Him. This is the Right Way."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Surely Allah 'alone' is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him 'alone'. This is the Straight Path.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
Lo! Allah, He is my Lord and your Lord. So worship Him. This is a right path.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
"For Allah; He is my Lord and your Lord: so worship ye Him: this is a Straight Way." 4664
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

In verses 26-28 an appeal is made to the pagan Arabs, that Islam is their own religion, the religion of Abraham their ancestor; in verses 46-54, an appeal is made to the Jews that Islam is the same religion as was taught by Moses, and that they should not allow their leaders to make fools of them; in verses 57-65 an appeal is made to the Christians that Islam is the same religion as was taught by Jesus, and that they should give up their sectarian attitude and follow the universal religion, which shows the Straight Way.

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43:65
فَٱخْتَلَفَ ٱلْأَحْزَابُ مِنۢ بَيْنِهِمْ ۖ فَوَيْلٌ لِّلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا۟ مِنْ عَذَابِ يَوْمٍ أَلِيمٍ Fa i khtalafa ala h z a bu min baynihim fawaylun lilla th eena th alamoo min AAa tha bi yawmin aleem in
But factions from among those [who came after Jesus] began to hold divergent views:51 woe, then, unto those who are bent on evildoing - [woe] for the suffering [that will befall them] on a grievous Day!
  - Mohammad Asad

Sc., regarding the nature of Jesus and the inadmissibility of worshipping anyone but God: an allusion to subsequent developments in Christianity.

Inspite of these teachings, the factions disagreed among themselves; so woe to the wrongdoers from the punishment of a painful Day.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Yet their 'various' groups have differed among themselves 'about him', so woe to the wrongdoers when they face the torment of a painful Day!
  - Mustafa Khattab
But the factions among them differed. Then woe unto those who do wrong from the doom of a painful day.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
But sects from among themselves fell into disagreement: then woe to the wrongdoers from the Penalty of a Grievous Day!
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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Az-Zukhruf

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