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Surah 69. Al-Haqqah

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
Bismi All a hi a l rra h m a ni a l rra h eem i
IN THE NAME OF GOD, THE MOST GRACIOUS, THE DISPENSER OF GRACE:1
  - Mohammad Asad

According to most of the authorities, this invocation (which occurs at the beginning of every surah with the exception of surah 9) constitutes an integral part of "The Opening" and is, therefore, numbered as verse {1}. In all other instances, the invocation "in the name of God" precedes the surah as such, and is not counted among its verses. - Both the divine epithets rahman and rahim are derived from the noun rahmah, which signifies "mercy", "compassion", "loving tenderness" and, more comprehensively, "grace". From the very earliest times, Islamic scholars have endeavoured to define the exact shades of meaning which differentiate the two terms. The best and simplest of these explanations is undoubtedly the one advanced by Ibn al-Qayyim (as quoted in Manar I,48): the term rahman circumscribes the quality of abounding grace inherent in, and inseparable from, the concept of God's Being, whereas rahim expresses the manifestation of that grace in, and its effect upon, His creation - in other words, an aspect of His activity.

In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
In the Name of Allah- the Most Compassionate, Most Merciful.
  - Mustafa Khattab
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
In the name of Allah Most Gracious Most Merciful. 19
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The Arabic words "Rahman" and "Rahim" translated "Most Gracious" and "Most Merciful" are both intensive forms referring to different aspects of God's attribute of Mercy. The Arabic intensive is more suited to express God's attributes than the superlative degree in English. The latter implies a comparison with other beings, or with other times or places, while there is no being like unto God, and He is independent of Time and Place. Mercy may imply pity, long-suffering, patience, and forgiveness, all of which the sinner needs and God Most Merciful bestows in abundant measure. But there is a Mercy that goes before even the need arises, the Grace which is ever watchful, and flows from God Most Gracious to all His creatures, protecting the, preserving them, guiding them, and leading them to clearer light and higher life. For this reason the attribute Rahman (Most Gracious) is not applied to any but God, but the attribute Rahim (Merciful), is a general term, and may also be applied to Men. To make us contemplate these boundless gifts of God, the formula: "In the name of God Most Gracious, Most Merciful": is placed before every Sura of the Qur-an (except the ninth), and repeated at the beginning of every act by the Muslim who dedicates his life to God, and whose hope is in His Mercy.

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69:1
ٱلْحَآقَّةُ Al ha qqa tu
OH, THE LAYING-BARE of the truth!1
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., the Day of Resurrection and Judgment, on which man will become fully aware of the quality of his past life and, freed from all self-deception, will see himself as he really was, with the innermost meaning of all his past doings - and thus of his destiny in the hereafter - blindingly revealed. (Cf. 37:19 , the last sentence of 39:68 , and {50:21-22}.)

The Haqqah!
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
The Inevitable Hour!
  - Mustafa Khattab
The Reality!
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
The Sure Reality! 5635
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Al-haqqa: the sure Truth: the Event that must inevitably come to pass; the state in which all falsehood and pretence will vanish, and the absolute Truth will be laid bare. The questions in the three verses raise an air of wonder. The solution is suggested in what happened to the Thamud and the 'Ad, and other people of antiquity, who disregarded the Truth of Allah and came to violent end, even in this life,-Symbolically suggesting the great Cataclysm of the Hereafter, the Day of Doom.

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69:2
مَا ٱلْحَآقَّةُ M a al ha qqa tu
How awesome that laying-bare of the truth!
  - Mohammad Asad
What is the Haqqah?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
What is the Inevitable Hour?
  - Mustafa Khattab
What is the Reality?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
What is the Sure Reality?
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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69:3
وَمَآ أَدْرَىٰكَ مَا ٱلْحَآقَّةُ Wam a adr a ka m a al ha qqa tu
And what could make thee conceive what that laying-bare of the truth will be?2
  - Mohammad Asad

Implying that this sudden perception of the ultimate reality will be beyond anything that man can anticipate or imagine: hence, no answer is given to the above rhetorical question.

And what will make you understand what the Haqqah is?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And what will make you realize what the Inevitable Hour is?
  - Mustafa Khattab
Ah, what will convey unto thee what the reality is!
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And what will make thee realize what the Sure Reality is?
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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69:4
كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ وَعَادٌۢ بِٱلْقَارِعَةِ Ka thth abat thamoodu waAA a dun bi a lq a riAAa ti
THE LIE gave [the tribes of] Thamud and 'Ad to [all tidings of] that sudden calamity!3
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., the Last Hour (see note [1] on 101:1 . For particulars of the pre-Islamic tribes of 'Ad and Thamud, see {7:65-79} and the corresponding notes.

The Thamud and the 'Ad people denied the striking calamity.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
'Both' Thamûd and 'Ȃd denied the Striking Disaster.1
  - Mustafa Khattab

 The Striking Disaster is another name for the Day of Judgment.

(The tribes of) Thamud and Aad disbelieved in the judgment to come.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
The Thamud and the `Ad people (branded) as false the Stunning Calamity! 5636 5637
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

For these two peoples of antiquity, see n. 1043 to vii. 73, and n. 1040 to vii. 65.

Another description of the terrible Day of Judgment. This word Qari'a also occurs as the title of S. ci.

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69:5
فَأَمَّا ثَمُودُ فَأُهْلِكُوا۟ بِٱلطَّاغِيَةِ Faamm a thamoodu faohlikoo bi al tta ghiya ti
Now as for the Thamud - they were destroyed by a violent upheaval [of the earth];4
  - Mohammad Asad

Cf. 7:78 .

As for Thamud, they were destroyed by the Thunderbolt.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
As for Thamûd, they were destroyed by an overwhelming blast.
  - Mustafa Khattab
As for Thamud, they were destroyed by the lightning.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
But the Thamud they were destroyed by a terrible storm of thunder and lightning! 5638
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The Thamud were addicted to class arrogance. They oppressed the poor. The prophet Salih preached to them, and put forward a wonderful she-camel as symbol of the rights of the poor, but they ham-strung her. See n. 1044 to vii. 73. They were destroyed in a mighty calamity, an earthquake accompanying a terrible thunderstorm.

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69:6
وَأَمَّا عَادٌ فَأُهْلِكُوا۟ بِرِيحٍ صَرْصَرٍ عَاتِيَةٍ Waamm a AA a dun faohlikoo biree h in s ar s arin AA a tiya tin
and as for the 'Ad - they were destroyed by a stormwind furiously raging,
  - Mohammad Asad
As for 'Ad they were destroyed by a furious windstorm
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And as for 'Ȃd, they were destroyed by a furious, bitter wind
  - Mustafa Khattab
And as for Aad, they were destroyed by a fierce roaring wind,
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And the `Ad they were destroyed by a furious wind exceedingly violent; 5639
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The 'Ad were an unjust people spoilt by their prosperity. The prophet Hud preached to them in vain. They were apparently destroyed by a terrible blast of wind. See n. 1040 to vii. 65. See also xli. 15-16, n. 4483, and liv. 19, n. 5144.

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69:7
سَخَّرَهَا عَلَيْهِمْ سَبْعَ لَيَالٍ وَثَمَـٰنِيَةَ أَيَّامٍ حُسُومًا فَتَرَى ٱلْقَوْمَ فِيهَا صَرْعَىٰ كَأَنَّهُمْ أَعْجَازُ نَخْلٍ خَاوِيَةٍ Sakhkharah a AAalayhim sabAAa lay a lin watham a niyata ayy a min h usooman fatar a alqawma feeh a s arAA a kaannahum aAAj a zu nakhlin kh a wiya tun
which He willed against them for seven nights and eight days without cease, so that in the end thou couldst see those people laid low [in death], as though they were so many [uprooted] trunks of hollow palm trees:
  - Mohammad Asad
- which He let loose on them for seven nights and eight successive days. Had you been there, you would have seen them lying prostrate as though they were hollow trunks of the palm-trees.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
which Allah unleashed on them non-stop for seven nights and eight days, so that you would have seen its people lying dead like trunks of uprooted palm trees.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Which He imposed on them for seven long nights and eight long days so that thou mightest have seen men lying overthrown, as they were hollow trunks of palm trees.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
He made it rage against them seven nights and eight days in succession: So that thou couldst see the (whole) people lying prostrate in its (path) as if they had been roots of hollow palm- trees tumbled down! 5640
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

A graphic simile. Dead men all lying about like hollow trunks of palm-trees, with their roots exposed! The 'Ad were reputed to be of a tall stature.

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69:8
فَهَلْ تَرَىٰ لَهُم مِّنۢ بَاقِيَةٍ Fahal tar a lahum min b a qiya tin
and dost thou now see any remnant of them?
  - Mohammad Asad
Now, do you see any of them alive?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Do you see any of them left alive?
  - Mustafa Khattab
Canst thou (O Muhammad) see any remnant of them?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Then seest thou any of them left surviving? 5641
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The calamity was thorough. The 'Ad were destroyed, and then the Thamud, and only the tradition of them was left behind. See the references in n. 5636.

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69:9
وَجَآءَ فِرْعَوْنُ وَمَن قَبْلَهُۥ وَٱلْمُؤْتَفِكَـٰتُ بِٱلْخَاطِئَةِ Waj a a firAAawnu waman qablahu wa a lmutafik a tu bi a lkh at ia ti
And there was Pharaoh, too, and [many of] those who lived before him, and the cities that were overthrown5 - [all of them] indulged in sin upon sin
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., Sodom and Gomorrah, the cities of Lot's people see {11:69-83}.

Fir'on (Pharaoh) and those before him, and the inhabitants of the overthrown cities also committed similar sins
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Also, Pharaoh and those before him, and 'the people of' the overturned cities 'of Lot' indulged in sin,
  - Mustafa Khattab
And Pharaoh and those before him, and the communities that were destroyed, brought error,
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And Pharaoh and those before him and the Cities Overthrown committed habitual Sin. 5642 5643 5644
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Pharaoh's Messenger was Moses. See the story in vii. 103-137 and the notes there. Pharaoh was inordinately proud, and his fall was proportionately great: it gradually extended to his dynasty and his people.

If we follow the sequence of peoples whose sins destroyed them, as mentioned in vii. 59-158, we begin with Noah, then have the 'Ad and the Thamud, then the Cities of the Plain, then Midian, then the people whose prophet was Moses (who occupies a central place in the canvas), and then the Pagan Quraish, to whom came the last and greatest of the prophets, our holy Prophet Muhammad. This is the chronological sequence. Here there is no details, nor even complete mention. But Noah is alluded to last, and the 'Ad and the Thamud mentioned first, because the latter two belong to Arab tradition, and this is specially addressed to the Pagans of Makkah. Pharaoh is mentioned rather than Moses for the same reason, and any others are "those before Pharaoh".

The Cities Overthrown: Sodom and Gomorrah, Cities of the Plain, to whom Lot preached: see ix. 70, n. 1330; and vii. 80-84, n. 1049.

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69:10
فَعَصَوْا۟ رَسُولَ رَبِّهِمْ فَأَخَذَهُمْ أَخْذَةً رَّابِيَةً FaAAa s aw rasoola rabbihim faakha th ahum akh th atan r a biya tan
and rebelled against their Sustainer's apostles: and so He took them to task with a punishing grasp exceedingly severe!
  - Mohammad Asad
and disobeyed the Rasools of their Rabb, so He gripped them with a tight grip.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
each disobeying their Lord's messenger, so He seized them with a crushing grip.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And they disobeyed the messenger of their Lord, therefor did He grip them with a tightening grip.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And disobeyed (each) the apostle of their Lord; so He punished them with an abundant Penalty.
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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