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Surah 83. Al-Mutaffifin

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83:6
يَوْمَ يَقُومُ ٱلنَّاسُ لِرَبِّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ Yawma yaqoomu a l nn a su lirabbi alAA a lameen a
the Day when all men shall stand before the Sustainer of all the worlds?
  - Mohammad Asad
a Day when all mankind will stand before the Rabb of the worlds?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
the Day 'all' people will stand before the Lord of all worlds?
  - Mustafa Khattab
The day when (all) mankind stand before the Lord of the Worlds?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
A Day when (all) mankind will stand before the Lord of the Worlds?
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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83:7
كَلَّآ إِنَّ كِتَـٰبَ ٱلْفُجَّارِ لَفِى سِجِّينٍ Kall a inna kit a ba alfujj a ri lafee sijjeen in
NAY, VERILY, the record of the wicked is indeed [set down] in a mode inescapable!2
  - Mohammad Asad

According to some of the greatest philologists (e.g., Abu 'Ubaydah, as quoted in the Lisan al-'Arab), the term sijjin is derived from - or even synonymous with - the noun sijn, which signifies "a prison". Proceeding from this derivation, some authorities attribute to sijjin the tropical meaning of da'im, i.e., "continuing" or "basting" (ibid.). Thus, in its metaphorical application to a sinner's "record", it is evidently meant to stress the latter's inescapable quality, as if its contents were lastingly "imprisoned", i.e., set down indelibly, with no possibility of escaping from what they imply: hence my rendering of the phrase fi sijjin as "[set down] in a mode inescapable". This interpretation is, to my mind, fully confirmed by verse {9} below.

Indeed not! The record of the wicked is in Sijjeen (prison register),
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
But no! The wicked are certainly bound for Sijjîn1 'in the depths of Hell'-
  - Mustafa Khattab

 Sijjîn is the name of a place (such as a confinement) in the depths of Hell.

Nay, but the record of the vile is in Sijjin
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Nay! Surely the Record of the Wicked is (preserved) in Sijjin 6013
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

This is a word from the same root as Sijn, a Prison. It rhymes with and is contrasted with Illiyin in verse 18 below. It is therefore understood by many Commentators to be a place, a Prison or a Dungeon in which the Wicked are confined pending their appearance before the Judgment-Seat. The mention of the Iscribed Register in verse 9 below may imply that Sijjin is the name of the Register of Black Deeds, though verse 9 may be elliptical and may only describe the place by the significance of its contents.

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83:8
وَمَآ أَدْرَىٰكَ مَا سِجِّينٌ Wam a adr a ka m a sijjeen un
And what could make thee conceive what that mode inescapable will be?
  - Mohammad Asad
what will explain to you, what the Sijjeen is?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
and what will make you realize what Sijjîn is?-
  - Mustafa Khattab
Ah! what will convey unto thee what Sijjin is!
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And what will explain to thee what Sijjin is?
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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83:9
كِتَـٰبٌ مَّرْقُومٌ Kit a bun marqoom un
A record [indelibly] inscribed!
  - Mohammad Asad
This is a written book of hell.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
a fate 'already' sealed.1
  - Mustafa Khattab

 This is based on the commentary of Ibn Kathîr.

A written record.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
(There is) a Register (fully) inscribed. 6014
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

If we take Sijjin to be the Register itself, and not the place where it is kept, the Register itself is a sort of Prison for those who do wrong. It is inscribed fully: i.e., no one is omitted who ought to be there, and for every entry there is a complete record, so that there is no escape for the sinner.

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83:10
وَيْلٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ Waylun yawmai th in lilmuka thth ibeen a
Woe on that Day unto those who give the lie to the truth -
  - Mohammad Asad
Woe on that Day to the disbelievers,
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Woe on that Day to the deniers-
  - Mustafa Khattab
Woe unto the repudiators on that day!
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Woe that Day to those that deny
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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83:11
ٱلَّذِينَ يُكَذِّبُونَ بِيَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ Alla th eena yuka thth iboona biyawmi a l ddeen i
those who give the lie to the [coming of] Judgment Day:
  - Mohammad Asad
who deny the Day of Judgment!
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
those who deny Judgment Day!
  - Mustafa Khattab
Those who deny the Day of Judgment
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Those that deny the Day of Judgment. 6015
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The fact of Personal Responsibility for each soul is so undoubted that people who deny it are to be pitied, and will indeed be in a most pitiable condition on the Day of Reckoning, and none but the most abandoned sinner can deny it, and he only denies it by playing with Falsehoods.

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83:12
وَمَا يُكَذِّبُ بِهِۦٓ إِلَّا كُلُّ مُعْتَدٍ أَثِيمٍ Wam a yuka thth ibu bihi ill a kullu muAAtadin atheem in
for, none gives the lie to it but such as are wont to transgress against all that is right [and are] immersed in sin:3
  - Mohammad Asad

Implying that a denial of ultimate responsibility before God - and, hence, of His judgment - is invariably conducive to sinning and to transgression against all moral imperatives. (Although this and the next verse are formulated in the singular, I am rendering them in the plural inasmuch as this plurality is idiomatically indicated by the word kull before the descriptive participles mu'tad and athim, as well as by the use of a straight plural in verses {14} ff.)

None denies it except the sinful transgressor.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
None would deny it except every evildoing transgressor.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Which none denieth save each criminal transgressor,
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And none can deny it but the Transgressor beyond bounds the Sinner!
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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83:13
إِذَا تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِ ءَايَـٰتُنَا قَالَ أَسَـٰطِيرُ ٱلْأَوَّلِينَ I tha tutl a AAalayhi a y a tun a q a la as at eeru alawwaleen a
[and so,] whenever Our messages are conveyed to them, they but say, "Fables of ancient times!"
  - Mohammad Asad
Who, when Our revelations are recited to him, says: "These are the tales of the ancient peoples."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Whenever Our revelations are recited to them, they say, 'Ancient fables!'
  - Mustafa Khattab
Who, when thou readest unto him Our revelations, saith: (Mere) fables of the men of old
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
When Our Signs are rehearsed to him he says "Tales of the Ancients!" 6016
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Cf. vi. 25; lxviii. 15; etc. They scorn Truth and pretend that it is Falsehood.

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83:14
كَلَّا ۖ بَلْ ۜ رَانَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِم مَّا كَانُوا۟ يَكْسِبُونَ Kall a bal r a na AAal a quloobihim m a k a noo yaksiboon a
Nay, but their hearts are corroded by all [the evil] that they were wont to do!4
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "that which they were earning has covered their hearts with rust": implying that their persistence in wrongdoing has gradually deprived them of all consciousness of moral responsibility and, hence, of the ability to visualize the fact of God's ultimate judgment.

Of course not! In fact their misdeeds have caused a covering on their hearts.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
But no! In fact, their hearts have been stained by all 'the evil' they used to commit!
  - Mustafa Khattab
Nay, but that which they have earned is rust upon their hearts.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
By no means! but on their hearts is the stain of the (ill) which they do! 6017
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The heart of man, as created by Allah, is pure and unsullied. Every time that a man does an ill deed, it marks a stain or rust on his heart. But on repentance and forgiveness, such stain is washed off. If there is no repentance and forgiveness, the stains deepen and spread more and more, until the heart is scaled (ii. 7), and eventually the man dies a spiritual death. It is such stains that stand in the way of his perceiving Truths which are obvious to others. That is why he mocks at Truth and hugs Falsehood to his bosom.

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83:15
كَلَّآ إِنَّهُمْ عَن رَّبِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ لَّمَحْجُوبُونَ Kall a innahum AAan rabbihim yawmai th in lama h jooboon a
Nay, verily, from [the grace of] their Sustainer shall they on that Day be debarred;
  - Mohammad Asad
Indeed on that Day, they shall be debarred from the vision of their Rabb.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Undoubtedly, they will be sealed off from their Lord on that Day.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Nay, but surely on that day they will be covered from (the mercy of) their Lord.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Verily from (the Light of) their Lord that Day will they be veiled. 6018
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The stain of evil deeds on their hearts sullies the mirror of their hearts, so that it does not receive the light. At Judgment the true Light, the Glory of the Lord, the joy of the Righteous, will be hidden by veils from the eyes of the Sinful. Instead; the Fire of Punishment will be to them the only reality which they will perceive.

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83:16
ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ لَصَالُوا۟ ٱلْجَحِيمِ Thumma innahum la sa loo alja h eem i
and then, behold, they shall enter the blazing fire
  - Mohammad Asad
Then they shall be made to enter the hell,
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Moreover, they will surely burn in Hell,
  - Mustafa Khattab
Then lo! they verily will burn in hell,
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Further they will enter the Fire of Hell.
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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83:17
ثُمَّ يُقَالُ هَـٰذَا ٱلَّذِى كُنتُم بِهِۦ تُكَذِّبُونَ Thumma yuq a lu h atha alla th ee kuntum bihi tuka thth iboon a
and be told: "This is the [very thing] to which you were wont to give the lie!"
  - Mohammad Asad
and told: "This is what you used to deny."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
and then be told, 'This is what you used to deny.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
And it will be said (unto them): This is that which ye used to deny.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Further it will be said to them: "This is the (reality) which ye rejected as false!"
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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83:18
كَلَّآ إِنَّ كِتَـٰبَ ٱلْأَبْرَارِ لَفِى عِلِّيِّينَ Kall a inna kit a ba alabr a ri lafee AAilliyyeen a
NAY, VERILY, the record of the truly virtuous is [set down] in a mode most lofty!5
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., in contrast to the record of the wicked (see verse {7} above). As regards the term 'illiyyun, it is said to be the plural of 'illi or 'illiyyah ("loftiness") or, alternatively, a plural which has no singular (Qamus, Taj al-'Arus); in either case it is derived from the verb 'ala, which signifies "[something] was [or "became"] high" or "lofty" or - tropically - "exalted": thus in the well-known idiomatic phrase, huwa min 'illiyyat qawmihi, "he is among the [most] exalted of his people". In view of this derivation, the plural 'illiyyun has evidently the intensive connotation of "loftiness upon loftiness" (Taj al-'Arus) or "a mode most lofty".

But, surely the record of the righteous is in `Illiyeen (register of exalted ones),
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
But no! The virtuous are certainly bound for 'Illiyûn1 'in elevated Gardens'-
  - Mustafa Khattab

 ’Illiyûn is an elevated place in Paradise.

Nay, but the record of the righteous is in Iliyin
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Nay verily the Record of the Righteous is (preserved) in `Illiyin. 6019
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

'Illiyin: the oblique form of the nominative Illiyun, which occurs in the next verse. It is in contrast to the Sijjin which occurs in verse 7 above, where see n. 6213. Literally, it means the 'High Places'. Applying the reasoning parallel to that which we applied to Sijjin, we may interpret it as the Place where is kept the Register of the Righteous.

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83:19
وَمَآ أَدْرَىٰكَ مَا عِلِّيُّونَ Wam a adr a ka m a AAilliyyoon a
And what could make thee conceive what that mode most lofty will be?
  - Mohammad Asad
and what will explain to you, what the `Illiyeen is?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
and what will make you realize what 'Illiyûn is?-
  - Mustafa Khattab
Ah, what will convey unto thee what Iliyin is!
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And what will explain to thee what `Illiyin is?
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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83:20
كِتَـٰبٌ مَّرْقُومٌ Kit a bun marqoom un
A record [indelibly] inscribed,
  - Mohammad Asad
This is a written book,
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
a fate 'already' sealed,
  - Mustafa Khattab
A written record,
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
(There is) a Register (fully) inscribed. 6020
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

This repeats verse 9 above, where see n. 6014. But the Register is of the opposite kind, that of the Righteous. It contains every detail of the Righteous.

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