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Surah 15. Al-Hijr

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15:66
وَقَضَيْنَآ إِلَيْهِ ذَٰلِكَ ٱلْأَمْرَ أَنَّ دَابِرَ هَـٰٓؤُلَآءِ مَقْطُوعٌ مُّصْبِحِينَ Waqa d ayn a ilayhi tha lika alamra anna d a bira h a ol a i maq t ooAAun mu s bi h een a
And [through Our messengers] We revealed unto him this decree: "The last remnant of those [sinners] shall be wiped out47 in the morn."
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "cut off".

We informed him about this decree of Ours that the roots of the sinners of his city would be cut off by the morning.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
We revealed to him this decree: 'Those 'sinners' will be uprooted in the morning.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
And We made plain the case to him, that the root of them (who did wrong) was to be cut at early morn.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And We made known this decree to him that the last remnants of those (sinners) should be cut off by the morning. 1991
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

As the last remnants of the wicked were to be cut off, and as the Mercy of Allah wished to save every true soul who might be with Lot, Allah's decree was made known to Lot, so that he might save his adherents.

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15:67
وَجَآءَ أَهْلُ ٱلْمَدِينَةِ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ Waj a a ahlu almadeenati yastabshiroon a
And the people of the city came [unto Lot], rejoicing at the glad tiding.48
  - Mohammad Asad

Sc., "of the arrival of handsome strangers". See also {7:80-81} and {11:77-79}, as well as the relevant notes.

The people of the town came rejoicing to the house of Lut when they heard the news of those two young male visitors.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And there came the men of the city, rejoicing.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And the people of the city came, rejoicing at the news (of new arrivals).
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
The inhabitants of the City came in (mad) joy (at news of the young men). 1992
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

They were addicted to unnatural crime, and the news of the advent of handsome youg men inflamed them. How true it is that at the very verge of destruction, men rush blindly to their fate, and cut off any last hope of repentence and mercy for themselves. Cf. xv. 72 below.

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15:68
قَالَ إِنَّ هَـٰٓؤُلَآءِ ضَيْفِى فَلَا تَفْضَحُونِ Q a la inna h a ol a i d ayfee fal a taf d a h oon i
Exclaimed [Lot]: "Behold, these are my guests: so put me not to shame,
  - Mohammad Asad
Lut said: "They are my guests, so do not disgrace me.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Lot pleaded, 'Indeed, these are my guests, so do not embarrass me.
  - Mustafa Khattab
He said: Lo! they are my guests. Affront me not!
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Lut said: "These are my guests: disgrace me not:
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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15:69
وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَلَا تُخْزُونِ Wa i ttaqoo All a ha wal a tukhzoon i
but be conscious of God and disgrace me not!"
  - Mohammad Asad
Have fear of Allah and do not put me to shame."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Fear Allah and do not humiliate me.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
And keep your duty to Allah, and shame me not!
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
"But fear Allah and shame me not."
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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15:70
قَالُوٓا۟ أَوَلَمْ نَنْهَكَ عَنِ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ Q a loo awalam nanhaka AAani alAA a lameen a
They answered: "Have we not forbidden thee [to offer protection] to any kind of people?"49
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "all people" (al-'alamin): obviously, because Lot was a stranger in Sodom - having come there from Mesopotamia, his and Abraham's country of origin (see surah {11}, note [102]) - and had previously aroused the ire of the Sodomites by his moral reproaches (cf. {7:80-82}).

They said: "Have we not forbidden you to plead for the rest of the world?"
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
They responded, 'Have we not forbidden you from protecting anyone?'
  - Mustafa Khattab
They said: Have we not forbidden you from (entertaining) anyone?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
They said: "Did we not forbid thee (to speak) for all and sundry?" 1993
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

I understand the meaning to be that Lot, the only righteous man in the City, had frequently remonstrated with the inhabitants against their unnatural crimes, and they had forbidden him to speak to them again on behalf of any one, "as if" (they might tauntingly say) "he was the protector of all and sundry." Some Commentators understand the verse to mean: 'Did we not forbid thee to entertain any strangers?'

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15:71
قَالَ هَـٰٓؤُلَآءِ بَنَاتِىٓ إِن كُنتُمْ فَـٰعِلِينَ Q a la h a ol a i ban a tee in kuntum f a AAileen a
[Lot] said: "[Take instead] these daughters of mine,50 if you must do [whatever you intend to do]!"
  - Mohammad Asad

See surah {11}, note [109].

He said: "Here are my daughters, if you must act."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
He said, 'O my people! Here are my daughters1 'so marry them' if you wish to do so.'
  - Mustafa Khattab

 Single women of his community.

He said: Here are my daughters, if ye must be doing (so).
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
He said: "There are my daughters (to marry). If ye must act (so)." 1994
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Cf. xi. 78, n. 1575. "My daughters" in the mouth of a venerable man may mean young girls of the City, which would be appropriate considering the large number of men who came to besiege Lot's house.

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15:72
لَعَمْرُكَ إِنَّهُمْ لَفِى سَكْرَتِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ LaAAamruka innahum lafee sakratihim yaAAmahoona
[But the angels spoke thus:] "As thou livest, [O Lot, they will not listen to thee:]51 behold, in their delirium [of lust] they are but blindly stumbling to and fro!"
  - Mohammad Asad

The above two interpolations are based on Zamakhshari's commentary on this verse. The oath "As thou livest" reads, literally, "By thy life".

By your life, O Prophet Muhammad, they were madly blundering in their intoxication of lust!
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
By your life 'O Prophet',1 they certainly wandered blindly, intoxicated 'by lust'.
  - Mustafa Khattab

 This is the only time in the Quran where Allah swears by the life of a human being. Elsewhere Allah swears by the sun, the moon, the stars, and other marvels of His creation.

By thy life (O Muhammad) they moved blindly in the frenzy of approaching death.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Verily by thy life (O Prophet) in their wild intoxication they wander in distraction to and fro. 1995
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The wild, mad fury of passion and sin attains its own destruction and cuts off the last hope of repentance or mercy.

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15:73
فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ ٱلصَّيْحَةُ مُشْرِقِينَ Faakha th athumu a l ss ay h atu mushriqeen a
And thereupon the blast [of Our punishment] overtook them52 at the time of sunrise,
  - Mohammad Asad

Regarding the meaning of the term Sayhah, rendered by me as "blast of [God's] punishment", see surah {11}, note [98].

So the mighty blast overtook them at sunrise.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
So the 'mighty' blast overtook them at sunrise.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Then the (Awful) Cry overtook them at the sunrise.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
But the (mighty) Blast overtook them before morning 1996
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

As-Saihat, the mighty Blast, is mentioned as accompanying earthquakes: Cf. xi. 67-94. Here it was the violent wind and noise accompanying the shower of brimstones, possibly with some volcanic action.

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15:74
فَجَعَلْنَا عَـٰلِيَهَا سَافِلَهَا وَأَمْطَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ حِجَارَةً مِّن سِجِّيلٍ FajaAAaln a AA a liyah a s a filah a waam t arn a AAalayhim h ij a ratan min sijjeel in
and We turned those [sinful towns] upside down, and rained down upon them stone-hard blows of chastisement pre-ordained.53
  - Mohammad Asad

See surah {11}, note [114].

Thus We turned the town upside down and rained down on them brimstones of baked clay.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And We turned the cities 'of Sodom and Gomorrah' upside down and rained upon them stones of baked clay.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And We utterly confounded them, and We rained upon them stones of heated clay.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And We turned (the Cities) upside down and rained down on them brimstones hard as baked clay. 1997
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Cf. xi. 82 and notes, in which the word Sijjil and its origin are explained.

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15:75
إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَـَٔايَـٰتٍ لِّلْمُتَوَسِّمِينَ Inna fee tha lika la a y a tin lilmutawassimeen a
Verily, in all this there are messages indeed for those who can read the signs:54
  - Mohammad Asad

In its full significance, the term mutawassim denotes "one who applies his mind to the study of the outward appearance of a thing with a view to understanding its real nature and its inner characteristics" (Zamakhshari and Razi).

Surely there are major lessons in this for those who investigate,
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Surely in this are signs for those who contemplate.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Lo! therein verily are portents for those who read the signs.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Behold! in this are Signs for those who by tokens do understand.
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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15:76
وَإِنَّهَا لَبِسَبِيلٍ مُّقِيمٍ Wainnah a labisabeelin muqeem in
for, behold, those [towns] stood by a road that still exists.55
  - Mohammad Asad

The existence of that road, which led from northern Hijaz to Syria, skirting the Dead Sea - to the north-east of which Sodom and Gomorrah were situated - has received startling confirmation through aerial photographs recently published by the American School of Oriental Research (New Haven, Connecticut). These photographs clearly show the ancient road as a dark streak winding northwards, more or less parallel with the eastern shores of the Dead Sea.

and this smitten town still lies right on the permanent highway on which the unbelievers travel during their business trips.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Their ruins still lie along a known route.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And lo! it is upon a road still uneffaced.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And the (cities were) right on the highroad. 1998
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The Cities of Sodom and Gomorrah were utterly destroyed, and even their precise position cannot be identified. But the brimstone plain of the tract still exists, right on the highway between Arabia and Syria. To the traveller in the neighbourhood of the Dead Sea the whole locality presents a scene of dismal desolation which truly suggests the awful punishment for unspeakable crimes.

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15:77
إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَـَٔايَةً لِّلْمُؤْمِنِينَ Inna fee tha lika la a yatan lilmumineen a
Verily, herein lies a message indeed for all who believe [in God].
  - Mohammad Asad
Indeed there is a sign in this for the true believers.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Surely in this is a sign for those who believe.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Lo! therein is indeed a portent for believers.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Behold! in this is a Sign for those who believe! 1999
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Verse 75 refers to all who have the intelligence to grasp the Signs of Allah. Verses 76-77 specially refer to those who use the Arabia-Syria highroad. The desolation is specially brought home to them.

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15:78
وَإِن كَانَ أَصْحَـٰبُ ٱلْأَيْكَةِ لَظَـٰلِمِينَ Wain k a na a s ha bu alaykati la th a limeen a
AND THE DWELLERS of the wooded dales [of Madyan, too,] were inveterate evildoers,56
  - Mohammad Asad

As is evident from 26:176 ff., the "dwellers of the wooded dales (al-aykah)" were the people of Madyan, who refused to pay heed to their prophet, Shu'ayb, and were thereupon destroyed, apparently by an earthquake and/or a volcanic eruption (cf. {7:85-93} and {11:84-95}).

The people of Al-Aikah (the nation of Prophet Shu'aib) were also wrongdoers.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And the residents of the Forest were truly wrongdoers,
  - Mustafa Khattab
And the dwellers in the wood indeed were evil-doers.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And the Companions of the Wood were also wrongdoers; 2000
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

"Companions of the Wood": As-hab ul Aikati. Perhaps Aika is after all a proper noun, the name of a town or tract. Who were the Companions of the Aika? They are mentioned four times in the Qur-an, viz., here, and in xxvi. 176-191; xxxviii. 13; and 1. 14. The only passage in which any details are given is xxvi. 176-191. There we are told that their Prophet was Shu'aib, and other details given correspond to those of the Madyan, to whom Shu'aib was sent as Prophet;, see vii. 85-93. In my notes to that passage I have discussed the question of Shu'aib and the Madyan people. It is reasonable to suppose that the Companions of the Wood were either the same as the Madyan, or a Group among them or in their neighbourhood.

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15:79
فَٱنتَقَمْنَا مِنْهُمْ وَإِنَّهُمَا لَبِإِمَامٍ مُّبِينٍ Fa i ntaqamn a minhum wainnahum a labiim a min mubeen in
and so We inflicted Our retribution on them. And, behold, both these [sinful communities] lived by a highway, [to this day] plain to see.57
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., the people of Lot and those of Shu'ayb, who inhabited adjacent regions (see surah {7}, note [67]), and whose fate should be an example as plain to see as the highway which passes through the regions once inhabited by them.

So We inflicted retribution on them. The ruined towns of these two nations are lying on an open road.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
so We inflicted punishment upon them. The ruins of both nations still lie on a well-known road.
  - Mustafa Khattab
So We took vengeance on them; and lo! they both are on a high road plain to see.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
So We exacted retribution from them. They were both on an open highway plain to see. 2001
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Both: i.e., The Cities of the Plain and the Companions of the Aika.

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15:80
وَلَقَدْ كَذَّبَ أَصْحَـٰبُ ٱلْحِجْرِ ٱلْمُرْسَلِينَ Walaqad ka thth aba a s ha bu al h ijri almursaleen a
AND, [likewise,] indeed, the people of Al-Hijr58 gave the lie to [Our] message-bearers:
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., the tribe of Thamud (see surah {7}, note [56]), who in pre-Islamic times inhabited the region of Al-Hijr in northernmost Hijaz, south of the oasis of Taymah. The story of the Thamud is found in {7:73-79}.

The people of Hijr also denied their Rasool.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Indeed, the residents of the Stone Valley also denied the messengers.1
  - Mustafa Khattab

 lit., messengers, because denying Ṣâliḥ (ﷺ) was equal to denying all of Allah’s messengers.

And the dwellers in Al-Hijr indeed denied (Our) messengers.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
The Companions of the Rocky Tract also rejected the apostles: 2002
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

"The Rocky Tract" is undoubtedly a geographical name. On the maps of Arabia will be found a tract called the Hijr, north of Medinah, Jabal Hijr is about 150 miles north of Madinah. The tract would fall on the highway to Syria. This was the country of the Thamud. For them and the country see vii. 73, n. 1043.

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