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Surah 19. Maryam

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19:41
وَٱذْكُرْ فِى ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ صِدِّيقًا نَّبِيًّا Wa o th kur fee alkit a bi ibr a heema innahu k a na s iddeeqan nabiyy a n
AND CALL to mind, through this divine writ, Abraham.31 Behold, he was a man of truth, [already] a prophet
  - Mohammad Asad

The mention of Abraham and his subsequent, unavailing plea to his father to recognize God's oneness and uniqueness connects with the preceding discourse, under the same aspect, on the true nature of Jesus as a mortal human being and a mere servant of the One and Only God.

Relate to them the story of Ibrahim from the Book (The Qur'an), he was a truthful Prophet.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And mention in the Book 'O Prophet, the story of' Abraham. He was surely a man of truth and a prophet.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And make mention (O Muhammad) in the Scripture of Abraham. Lo! he was a saint, a Prophet.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Also mention in the Book (the story of) Abraham: he was a man of Truth a prophet.
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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19:42
إِذْ قَالَ لِأَبِيهِ يَـٰٓأَبَتِ لِمَ تَعْبُدُ مَا لَا يَسْمَعُ وَلَا يُبْصِرُ وَلَا يُغْنِى عَنكَ شَيْـًٔا I th q a la liabeehi y a abati lima taAAbudu m a l a yasmaAAu wal a yub s iru wal a yughnee AAanka shay a n
when he spoke [thus] unto his father: "O my father! Why dost thou worship something that neither hears nor sees and can be of no avail whatever to thee?
  - Mohammad Asad
Remember when he said to his father: "O my father! Why do you worship something that can neither hear nor see, nor yet profit you in any way?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
'Remember' when he said to his father, 'O dear father! Why do you worship what can neither hear nor see, nor benefit you at all?
  - Mustafa Khattab
When he said unto his father: O my father! Why worshippest thou that which heareth not nor seeth, nor can in aught avail thee?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Behold he said to his father: "O my father! why worship that which heareth not and seeth not and can profit thee nothing? 2493
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The reference to Abraham here is in relation to his tender solicitude for his father, who had not received the light of Unity, and to whom Abraham wanted to be a guide and friend.

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19:43
يَـٰٓأَبَتِ إِنِّى قَدْ جَآءَنِى مِنَ ٱلْعِلْمِ مَا لَمْ يَأْتِكَ فَٱتَّبِعْنِىٓ أَهْدِكَ صِرَٰطًا سَوِيًّا Y a abati innee qad j a anee mina alAAilmi m a lam yatika fa i ttabiAAnee ahdika s ir at an sawiyy a n
"O my father! Behold, there has indeed come to me [a ray] of knowledge such as has never yet come unto thee:32 follow me, then; I shall guide thee onto a perfect way.
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., a cognition of God's existence and uniqueness through intellectual insight (cf. {6:74-82}).

O my father! I have been given some knowledge which has not come to you, so follow me: I'll guide you to the Right Way.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
O dear father! I have certainly received some knowledge which you have not received, so follow me and I will guide you to the Straight Path.
  - Mustafa Khattab
O my father! Lo! there hath come unto me of knowledge that which came not unto thee. So follow me, and I will lead thee on a right path.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
"O my father! to me hath come knowledge which hath not reached thee: so follow me: I will guide thee to a Way that is even and straight. 2494 2495
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Some are more receptive of Light than others. It is their duty and privilege to guide and point to the right Way.

Sawiyan-right, smooth, even; complete, perfect; hence the derived meaning: in xix. 10, in full possession of all the physical senses; in that context, 'not dumb': in xix. 17, when the angel appears in the form of a man, 'completely like' a man, a man 'in all respects.'

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19:44
يَـٰٓأَبَتِ لَا تَعْبُدِ ٱلشَّيْطَـٰنَ ۖ إِنَّ ٱلشَّيْطَـٰنَ كَانَ لِلرَّحْمَـٰنِ عَصِيًّا Y a abati l a taAAbudi a l shshay ta na inna a l shshay ta na k a na li l rra h m a ni AAa s iyy a n
"O my father! Do not worship Satan - for verily, Satan is a rebel against the Most Gracious!33
  - Mohammad Asad

The absurdity inherent in the attribution of divine qualities to anything or anyone but God is here declared, by implication, to be equivalent to "worshipping" the epitome of unreason and ingratitude symbolized in Satan's rebellion against his Creator. In this connection it should be noted that the term shaytan is derived from the verb shatana, signifying "he was [or "became"] remote [from the truth];' (Lisan al-'Arab, Taj al-'Arus); hence, the Qur'an describes every impulse that inherently offends against truth, reason and morality as "satanic", and every conscious act of submission to such satanic influences as a "worship of Satan".

O my father! Do not worship Shaitan: for Shaitan is disobedient to the Compassionate (Allah).
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
O dear father! Do not worship Satan. Surely Satan is ever rebellious against the Most Compassionate.
  - Mustafa Khattab
O my father! Serve not the devil. Lo! the devil is a rebel unto the Beneficent.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
"O my father! serve not Satan: for Satan is a rebel against (Allah) Most Gracious. 2496
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The rebellion is all the more heinous and inexcusable, considering that Allah is Most Just, Most Merciful, Most Gracious.

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19:45
يَـٰٓأَبَتِ إِنِّىٓ أَخَافُ أَن يَمَسَّكَ عَذَابٌ مِّنَ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ فَتَكُونَ لِلشَّيْطَـٰنِ وَلِيًّا Y a abati innee akh a fu an yamassaka AAa tha bun mina a l rra h m a ni fatakoona li l shshya ta ni waliyy a n
O my father! I dread lest a chastisement from the Most Gracious befall thee, and then thou wilt become [aware of having been] close unto Satan!"34
  - Mohammad Asad

According to Zamakhshari and Razi, the construction of this clause (beginning with "so that") is meant to bring out the idea that one's belated realization, in the hereafter, of having been "close unto Satan" is the most terrible consequence of deliberate sinning.

O my father! I fear that a punishment of the Beneficent may afflict you, and you may become a friend of the Shaitan".
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
O dear father! I truly fear that you will be touched by a torment from the Most Compassionate, and become Satan's companion 'in Hell'.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
O my father! Lo! I fear lest a punishment from the Beneficent overtake thee so that thou become a comrade of the devil.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
"O my father! I fear lest a Penalty afflict thee from (Allah) Most Gracious so that thou become to Satan a friend." 2497
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

To entertain a feeling of friendliness, instead of aversion, to Evil, is in itself a degradation of our nature, a Penalty which Allah imposes on our deliberate rejection of the Truth. And the friendliness to Evil also implies the sharing of the outlawry of Evil.

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19:46
قَالَ أَرَاغِبٌ أَنتَ عَنْ ءَالِهَتِى يَـٰٓإِبْرَٰهِيمُ ۖ لَئِن لَّمْ تَنتَهِ لَأَرْجُمَنَّكَ ۖ وَٱهْجُرْنِى مَلِيًّا Q a la ar a ghibun anta AAan a lihatee y a ibr a heemu lain lam tantahi laarjumannaka wa o hjurnee maliyy a n
He answered: "Dost thou dislike my gods, O Abraham? Indeed, if thou desist not, I shall most certainly cause thee to be stoned to death! Now begone from me for good!"
  - Mohammad Asad
His father replied: "How dare you renounce my gods O Ibrahim? If you do not stop this folly, I will indeed stone you to death: so be gone from my house this very moment!"
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
He threatened, 'How dare you reject my idols, O Abraham! If you do not desist, I will certainly stone you 'to death'. So be gone from me for a long time!'
  - Mustafa Khattab
He said: Rejectest thou my gods, O Abraham? If thou cease not, I shall surely stone thee. Depart from me a long while!
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
(The father) replied: "Dost thou hate my gods O Abraham? If thou forbear not I will indeed stone thee: now get away from me for a good long while!" 2498
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Note the gentle persuasive tone of Abraham in his speeches in xix. 42-45 (for we may suppose those sentences to sum up a long course of arguments) and in xix. 47-48, contrasted with the brusque and repellent tone of the father's reply in this verse. The one was the outcome of the true Light which had come to Abraham from Allah, as the other was the outcome of Pagan arrogance and the worship of brute force. The spiritual lesson from this episode of Abraham's life may be stated in four propositions: (1) the pious son is dutiful to his father and wishes him well in all things, material and spiritual, (2) if the father refuses Allah's Light, the son will do his utmost to bring such Light to the father; (3) having received the Light, the son will never renounce that Light, even if he has to forfeit his father's love and renounce his home; (4) even if the father repels him and turns him out, his answer will be a soft answer, full of love and forgiveness on the one hand, but firmness on behalf of Truth on the other.

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19:47
قَالَ سَلَـٰمٌ عَلَيْكَ ۖ سَأَسْتَغْفِرُ لَكَ رَبِّىٓ ۖ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ بِى حَفِيًّا Q a la sal a mun AAalayka saastaghfiru laka rabbee innahu k a na bee h afiyy a n
[Abraham] replied: "Peace be upon thee! I shall ask my Sustainer to forgive thee: for, behold, He has always been kind unto me.
  - Mohammad Asad
Ibrahim said: "Peace be upon you: I will pray to my Rabb for your forgiveness, surely He is ever Kind to me.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Abraham responded, 'Peace be upon you! I will pray to my Lord for your forgiveness. He has truly been Most Gracious to me.
  - Mustafa Khattab
He said: Peace be unto thee! I shall ask forgiveness of my Lord for thee. Lo! He was ever gracious unto me.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Abraham said: "Peace be on thee: I will pray to my Lord for thy forgiveness: for He is to me Most Gracious. 2499
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Cf. ix. 114, where this promise of Abraham to pray for his father is referred to, and its limitations pointed out.

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19:48
وَأَعْتَزِلُكُمْ وَمَا تَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ وَأَدْعُوا۟ رَبِّى عَسَىٰٓ أَلَّآ أَكُونَ بِدُعَآءِ رَبِّى شَقِيًّا WaaAAtazilukum wam a tadAAoona min dooni All a hi waadAAoo rabbee AAas a all a akoona biduAA a i rabbee shaqiyy a n
But I shall withdraw from you all and from whatever you invoke instead of God, and shall invoke my Sustainer [alone]: it may well be that my prayer [for thee] will not remain unanswered by my Sustainer."35
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "that I will not be unfortunate in the prayer to my Sustainer".

I am leaving you and those whom you invoke besides Allah: I will call upon my Rabb and I am sure my prayers to my Rabb will not be ignored".
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
As I distance myself from 'all of' you and from whatever you invoke besides Allah, I will 'continue to' call upon my Lord 'alone', trusting that I will never be disappointed in invoking my Lord.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
I shall withdraw from you and that unto which ye pray beside Allah, and I shall pray unto my Lord. It may be that, in prayer unto my Lord, I shall not be unblest.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
"And I will turn away from you (all) and from those whom ye invoke besides Allah: I will call on my Lord: Perhaps by my prayer to my Lord I shall be not unblest." 2500
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Abraham left his father and the home of his fathers (Ur of the Chaldees) and never returned. He left because he was turned out, and because it was not possible for him to make any compromise with what was false in religion. In return for abuse, he spoke gentle words. And he expressed his fervent hope that at least he (Abraham) would have Allah's blessing in reply to his prayers. Here was a prefigurement of another Hijrat many centuries later! In both cases the prayer was abundantly fulfilled.

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19:49
فَلَمَّا ٱعْتَزَلَهُمْ وَمَا يَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ وَهَبْنَا لَهُۥٓ إِسْحَـٰقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ ۖ وَكُلًّا جَعَلْنَا نَبِيًّا Falamm a iAAtazalahum wam a yaAAbudoona min dooni All a hi wahabn a lahu is ha qa wayaAAqooba wakullan jaAAaln a nabiyy a n
And after he had withdrawn from them and from all that they were worshipping instead of God, We bestowed upon him Isaac and Jacob, and made of them a prophet;
  - Mohammad Asad
So when he left them and the deities whom they worshipped besides Allah, We granted him descendants like Ishaq and Ya'qoob, and We made each of them a Prophet.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
So after he had left them and what they worshipped besides Allah, We granted him Isaac and Jacob, and made each of them a prophet.
  - Mustafa Khattab
So, when he had withdrawn from them and that which they were worshipping beside Allah. We gave him Isaac and Jacob. Each of them We made a Prophet.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
When he had turned away from them and from those whom they worshipped besides Allah We bestowed on him Isaac and Jacob and each one of them We made a prophet. 2501
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Isaac and Isaac's son Jacob are mentioned here as carrying on one line of Abraham's traditions. The other line was carried on by Isma'il, who is mentioned independently five verses lower down, as his line got special honour in the Holy Prophet of Islam. That is why his mention comes after that of Moses. Cf. xxi. 72.

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19:50
وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُم مِّن رَّحْمَتِنَا وَجَعَلْنَا لَهُمْ لِسَانَ صِدْقٍ عَلِيًّا Wawahabn a lahum min ra h matin a wajaAAaln a lahum lis a na s idqin AAaliyy a n
We bestowed upon them [manifold] gifts out of Our grace, and granted them a lofty power to convey the truth [unto others].36
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "a lofty language of truth" or "of truthfulness" - the term lisan ("language" or "tongue") being used here metonymically for what may be pronounced by the tongue (Zamakhshari). An alternative interpretation of the phrase, advanced by many commentators, is "granted them a lofty renown for truth" or "truthfulness", or simply "a most goodly renown".

We bestowed on them Our Mercy and We granted them honor of being mentioned with true high respect.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
We showered them with Our mercy, and blessed them with honourable mention.1
  - Mustafa Khattab

 On a daily basis, Muslims invoke Allah’s blessings upon Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ) and his family and Prophet Abraham (ﷺ) and his family, in both obligatory and optional prayers.

And We gave them of Our mercy, and assigned to them a high and true renown.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And We bestowed of Our Mercy on them and We granted them lofty honor on the tongue of truth. 2502
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Abraham and his son and grandson Isaac and Jacob, and their line, maintained the banner of Allah's truth for many generations, and they won deservedly high praise-the praise of truth-on the tongues of men. Abraham prayed that he should be praised by the tongue of truth among men to come in later ages: xxvi. 84. Ordinary praise may mean nothing: it may be due to selfish flattery on the part of others or artful management by the person praised. Praise on the tongue of sincere truth is praise indeed!

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19:51
وَٱذْكُرْ فِى ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ مُوسَىٰٓ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ مُخْلَصًا وَكَانَ رَسُولًا نَّبِيًّا Wa o th kur fee alkit a bi moos a innahu k a na mukhla s an wak a na rasoolan nabiyy a n
AND CALL to mind, through this divine writ, Moses. Behold, he was a chosen one, and was an apostle [of God], a prophet.37
  - Mohammad Asad

The mention of Moses and other prophets in this context serves to reinforce the statement that all of them - like Jesus - were but mortal servants of God whom He had inspired with His message to man (cf. verse {30} above). As regards the distinction between the terms "prophet" (nabi) and "apostle" (rasul), see the opening clause of 22:52 and the corresponding note [65].

Relate to them the story of Musa in the Book; surely he was a chosen man and was a Rasool, a Prophet.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And mention in the Book 'O Prophet, the story of' Moses. He was truly a chosen man, and was a messenger and a prophet.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And make mention in the Scripture of Moses. Lo! he was chosen, and he was a messenger (of Allah), a Prophet.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Also mention in the Book (the story of) Moses: for he was specially chosen and he was an apostle (and) a prophet. 2503
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Moses was (1) especially chosen, and therefore prepared and instructed in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, in order that he might free his people from Egyptian bondage; there may also be a reference to Moses's title of Kalimullah, the one to whom Allah spoke without th eintervention of angels: see iv. 164, and n. 670; (2) he was a prophet (nabi), in that he received inspiration; and (3) he was a messenger (rasul) in that he had a Book of Revelation, and an Ummat or organised Community, for which he instituted laws.

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19:52
وَنَـٰدَيْنَـٰهُ مِن جَانِبِ ٱلطُّورِ ٱلْأَيْمَنِ وَقَرَّبْنَـٰهُ نَجِيًّا Wan a dayn a hu min j a nibi a l tt oori alaymani waqarrabn a hu najiyy a n
And [remember how] We called upon him from the right-hand slope of Mount Sinai38 and drew him near [unto Us] in mystic communion,
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., to the right side from the standpoint of Moses, as he was facing Mount Sinai (Tabari). However, it is much more probable that the term "right side" has here, as elsewhere in the Qur'an the abstract connotation of "blessedness" (cf. note [25] on {74: 39}). For a fuller account of God's calling Moses to prophethood, see {20: 9} ff.

We called him from the right side of Mount Tur and honored him to come closer for exclusive conversation.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
We called him from the right side of Mount Ṭûr, and drew him near, speaking 'with him' directly.
  - Mustafa Khattab
We called him from the right slope of the Mount, and brought him nigh in communion.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And We called him from the right side of Mount (Sinai) and made him draw near to Us for mystic (converse). 2504
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The incident here I think refers to the incidents described more fully in xx. 9-36; a reference may also be made to Exod. iii. 1-18 and iv. 1-17. The time is when Moses (with his family) was travelling and grazing the flocks of his father-in-law Jethro, just before he got his commission from Allah. The place is somewhere near Mount Sinai (Jabal Musa). Moses sees a Fire in the distance, but when he goes there, he hears a voice that tells him it is sacred ground. Allah asked him to put off his shoes and to draw near, and when he went near, great mysteries were revealed to him. He was given his commission, and his brother Aaron was given to him to go with him and aid him. It is after that, that he and Aaron went and faced Pharaoh in Egypt, as narrated in vii. 103-144, etc. The right side of the mountain may mean that Moses heard the voice from the right side of the mountain as he faced it; or it may have the figurative meaning of "right" in Arabic, i.e., the side which was blessed or sacred ground.

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19:53
وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُۥ مِن رَّحْمَتِنَآ أَخَاهُ هَـٰرُونَ نَبِيًّا Wawahabn a lahu min ra h matin a akh a hu h a roona nabiyy a n
and [how], out of Our grace, We granted unto him his brother Aaron, to be a prophet [by his side].
  - Mohammad Asad
We made his brother Haroon a Prophet with Our blessing and assigned him as his assistant.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And We appointed for him- out of Our grace- his brother, Aaron, as a prophet.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And We bestowed upon him of Our mercy his brother Aaron, a Prophet (likewise).
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And out of Our Mercy We gave him his brother Aaron (also) a prophet. 2505
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Moses was diffident, and reluctant to go to Pharaoh as he had an impediment in his tongue, and he asked that his brother Aaron should be associated with him in his mission. Allah in His Mercy granted his request; xx. 25-36.

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19:54
وَٱذْكُرْ فِى ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ إِسْمَـٰعِيلَ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ صَادِقَ ٱلْوَعْدِ وَكَانَ رَسُولًا نَّبِيًّا Wa o th kur fee alkit a bi ism a AAeela innahu k a na sa diqa alwaAAdi wak a na rasoolan nabiyy a n
AND CALL to mind, through this divine writ, Ishmael.39 Behold, he was always true to his promise, and was an apostle [of God], a prophet,
  - Mohammad Asad

After the mention of Moses, who descended from Abraham through Isaac, we are reminded of Ishmael, Abraham's first-born son and the progenitor of the "northern" group of Arab tribes, and thus of the Prophet Muhammad, who descended in direct line, through the tribe of Quraysh, from Ishmael.

Also relate to them the story of Isma`il in the Book; he was a man of his word and was a Rasool, a Prophet.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And mention in the Book 'O Prophet, the story of' Ishmael. He was truly a man of his word, and was a messenger and a prophet.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And make mention in the Scripture of Ishmael. Lo! he was a keeper of his promise, and he was a messenger (of Allah) a Prophet.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Also mention in the Book (the story of) Ismail: He was (strictly) true to what he promised and he was an apostle (and) a prophet. 2506
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Isma'il was Az-zabih i.e., the chosen sacrifice for Allah in Muslim tradition. When Abraham told him of the sacrifice, he voluntarily offered himself for it, and never flinched from his promise, until the sacrifice was redeemed by the substitution of a ram under Allah's commands. He was the fountain-head of the Arabian Ummat, and in his posterity came the Prophet of Allah. The Ummat and the Book of Islam reflect back the prophethood on Isma'il.

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19:55
وَكَانَ يَأْمُرُ أَهْلَهُۥ بِٱلصَّلَوٰةِ وَٱلزَّكَوٰةِ وَكَانَ عِندَ رَبِّهِۦ مَرْضِيًّا Wak a na yamuru ahlahu bi al ss al a ti wa al zzak a ti wak a na AAinda rabbihi mar d iyy a n
who used to enjoin upon his people prayer and charity,40 and found favour in his Sustainer's sight.
  - Mohammad Asad

This may perhaps mean that Ishmael was the first among the prophets to establish prayer and charity as obligatory forms of worship.

He commanded his people to establish Salah and give Zakah, and was the one with whom his Rabb was well pleased.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
He used to urge his people to pray and give alms-tax. And his Lord was well pleased with him.
  - Mustafa Khattab
He enjoined upon his people worship and almsgiving, and was acceptable in the sight of his Lord.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
He used to enjoin on his people Prayer and Charity and he was most acceptable in the sight of his Lord. 2507
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

An acceptable sacrifice: see last note.

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