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Surah 19. Maryam

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19:86
وَنَسُوقُ ٱلْمُجْرِمِينَ إِلَىٰ جَهَنَّمَ وِرْدًا Wanasooqu almujrimeena il a jahannama wird a n
and drive those who were lost in sin unto hell as a thirsty herd is driven to a well -
  - Mohammad Asad
and drive the criminals to Hell like thirsty cattle are driven to water.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
and drive the wicked to Hell like a thirsty herd.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And drive the guilty unto Hell, a weary herd,
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And We shall drive the sinners to Hell like thirsty cattle driven down to water 2528
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Note the contrast between the saved and the doomed. The one march with dignity like honoured ones before a king, and the other rush in anguish to their punishment like a herd of cattle driven down by thirst to their watering place. Note the metaphor of the water. They rush madly for water but are plunged into the Fire!

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19:87
لَّا يَمْلِكُونَ ٱلشَّفَـٰعَةَ إِلَّا مَنِ ٱتَّخَذَ عِندَ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ عَهْدًا L a yamlikoona a l shshaf a AAata ill a mani ittakha th a AAinda a l rra h m a ni AAahd a n
[or that Day] none will have [the benefit of] intercession unless he has [in his lifetime] entered into a bond with the Most Gracious.74
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "except him who has...", etc. According to the classical commentators - including some of the most outstanding Companions of the Prophet - the "bond with God" denotes, in this context, the realization of His oneness and uniqueness; for the wider implications of this term, see surah {2}, note [19]. Consequently, as pointed out by Razi, even great sinners may hope for God's forgiveness - symbolically expressed by the right of "intercession" which will be granted to the prophets on Judgment Day (see note [7]on {10: 3}) - provided that, during their life on earth, they were aware of God's existence and oneness.

None shall have the power to intercede except the one who may receive the sanction of the Compassionate (Allah).
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
None will have the right to intercede, except those who have taken a covenant from the Most Compassionate.1
  - Mustafa Khattab

 No one will be allowed to intercede except those who firmly believe in Almighty Allah.

They will have no power of intercession, save him who hath made a covenant with his Lord.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
None shall have the power of intercession but such a one as has received permission (or promise) from (Allah) Most Gracious.
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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19:88
وَقَالُوا۟ ٱتَّخَذَ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنُ وَلَدًا Waq a loo ittakha th a a l rra h m a nu walad a n
As it is,75 some assert, "The Most Gracious has taken unto Himself a son"!76
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "And" (wa), connecting the present passage with verse {81}.

This allusion to the Christian belief in Jesus as "the son of God" - and, in general, to every belief in God's "incarnation" in a created being - takes up the theme broached in verse {81} above: namely, the deification of powers or beings other than God "with a view to their being a source of strength" to those who turn to them. But whereas verse {81} refers specifically to the godless who accord a quasi-divine status to material wealth and power and abandon themselves entirely to the pursuit of worldly success, the present passage refers to people who, while believing in God, deify prophets and saints, too, in the subconscious hope that they might act as "mediators" between them and the Almighty. Since this deification offends against the principle of God's transcendent oneness and uniqueness, it implies a breach of man's "bond with God" and, if consciously persisted in, constitutes an unforgivable sin (cf. 4:48 and {116}).

Those who say: "The Compassionate (God) has begotten a son,
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
They1 say, 'The Most Compassionate has offspring.'
  - Mustafa Khattab

 The pagans who claimed that the angels are Allah’s daughters, the Christians who claim that Jesus is the son of Allah, etc.

And they say: The Beneficent hath taken unto Himself a son.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
They say: "(Allah) Most Gracious has begotten a son!"
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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19:89
لَّقَدْ جِئْتُمْ شَيْـًٔا إِدًّا Laqad jitum shayan idd a n
Indeed, [by this assertion] you have brought forth something monstrous,
  - Mohammad Asad
" certainly preach such a monstrous falsehood,
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
You have certainly made an outrageous claim,
  - Mustafa Khattab
Assuredly ye utter a disastrous thing,
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Indeed ye have put forth a thing most monstrous! 2529
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The belief in Allah begetting a son is not a question merely of words or of speculative thought. It is a stupendous blasphemy against Allah. It lowers Allah to the level of an animal. If combined with the doctrine of vicarious atonement, it amounts to a negation of Allah's justice and man's personal responsibility. It is destructive of all moral and spiritual order, and is condemned in the strongest possible terms.

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19:90
تَكَادُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتُ يَتَفَطَّرْنَ مِنْهُ وَتَنشَقُّ ٱلْأَرْضُ وَتَخِرُّ ٱلْجِبَالُ هَدًّا Tak a du a l ssam a w a tu yatafa tt arna minhu watanshaqqu alar d u watakhirru aljib a lu hadd a n
whereat the heavens might well-nigh be rent into fragments, and the earth be split asunder, and the mountains fall down in ruins!
  - Mohammad Asad
that the very Heavens might crack, the earth might cleave asunder and the mountains might crumble to pieces
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
by which the heavens are about to burst, the earth to split apart, and the mountains to crumble to pieces
  - Mustafa Khattab
Whereby almost the heavens are torn, and the earth is split asunder and the mountains fall in ruins,
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
At if the skies are ready to burst the earth to split asunder and the mountains to fall down in utter ruin.
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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19:91
أَن دَعَوْا۟ لِلرَّحْمَـٰنِ وَلَدًا An daAAaw li l rra h m a ni walad a n
That men should ascribe a son to the Most Gracious,
  - Mohammad Asad
- at their ascribing a son to the Compassionate (God),
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
in protest of attributing children to the Most Compassionate.
  - Mustafa Khattab
That ye ascribe unto the Beneficent a son,
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
That they should invoke a son for (Allah) Most Gracious.
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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19:92
وَمَا يَنۢبَغِى لِلرَّحْمَـٰنِ أَن يَتَّخِذَ وَلَدًا Wam a yanbaghee li l rra h m a ni an yattakhi th a walad a n
although it is inconceivable that the Most Gracious should take unto Himself a son!77
  - Mohammad Asad

The idea that God might have a "son" - either in the real or in the metaphorical sense of this term - would presuppose a degree of innate likeness between "the father" and "the son": but God is in every respect unique, so that "there is nothing like unto Him" ({42: 11}) and "nothing that could be compared with Him" ({112: 4}). Moreover, the concept of "progeny" implies an organic continuation of the progenitor, or of part of him, in another being and, therefore, presupposes a degree of incompleteness before the act of procreation (or incarnation, if the term "sonship" is used metaphorically): and the idea of incompleteness, in whatever sense, negates the very concept of God. But even if the idea of "sonship" is meant to express no more than one of the different "aspects" of the One Deity (as is claimed in the Christian dogma of the "Trinity"), it is described in the Qur'an as blasphemous inasmuch as it amounts to an attempt at defining Him who is "sublimely exalted above anything that men may devise by way of definition" (see last sentence of 6:100 ).

It is not befitting to the Compassionate (God) that He should beget a son.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
It does not befit 'the majesty of' the Most Compassionate to have children.
  - Mustafa Khattab
When it is not meet for (the Majesty of) the Beneficent that He should choose a son.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
For it is not consonant with the majesty of (Allah) Most Gracious that He should beget a son. 2530
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

This basic principle was laid down early in the argument (xix. 35). It was illustrated by a reference to the personal history of many messengers, including Jesus himself, who behaved justly as men to their kith and kin and humbly served Allah. The evil results of such superstitions were pointed out in the case of many previous generations which went to their ruin by dishonouring Allah. And the argument is now rounded off towards the close of the Sura.

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19:93
إِن كُلُّ مَن فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ إِلَّآ ءَاتِى ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ عَبْدًا In kullu man fee a l ssam a w a ti wa a lar d i ill a a tee a l rra h m a ni AAabd a n
Not one of all [the beings] that are in the heavens or on earth appears before the Most Gracious other than a servant:78
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., all of them - whether men or angels - are but created beings, having no share whatever in His divinity, and all of them submit, consciously or unconsciously, to His will (cf. 13:15 and {16:48-49}).

There is none in the heavens and in the earth but must come to the Compassionate (Allah) in full submission.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
There is none in the heavens or the earth who will not return to the Most Compassionate in full submission.
  - Mustafa Khattab
There is none in the heavens and the earth but cometh unto the Beneficent as a slave.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Not one of the beings in the heavens and the earth but must come to (Allah) Most Gracious as a servant.
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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19:94
لَّقَدْ أَحْصَىٰهُمْ وَعَدَّهُمْ عَدًّا Laqad a hsa hum waAAaddahum AAadd a n
indeed, He has full cognizance of them, and has numbered them with [unfailing] numbering;
  - Mohammad Asad
He has a comprehensive knowledge and has kept strict count of all His creatures,
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Indeed, He fully knows them and has counted them precisely.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Verily He knoweth them and numbereth them with (right) numbering.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
He does take and account of them (all) and hath numbered them (all) exactly. 2531
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Allah has no sons or favourites or parasites, such as we associate with human beings. On the other hand every creature of His gets His love, and His cherishing care. Everyone of them, however humble, is individually marked before His Throne of Justice and Mercy, and will stand before Him on his own deserts.

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19:95
وَكُلُّهُمْ ءَاتِيهِ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَـٰمَةِ فَرْدًا Wakulluhum a teehi yawma alqiy a mati fard a n
and every one of them will appear before Him on Resurrection Day in a lonely state.79
  - Mohammad Asad

See note [69] above.

and every one of them will come to Him individually on the Day of Resurrection.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And each of them will return to Him on the Day of Judgment all alone.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And each one of them will come unto Him on the Day of Resurrection, alone.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And every one of them will come to him singly on the Day of Judgment.
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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19:96
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ سَيَجْعَلُ لَهُمُ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنُ وُدًّا Inna alla th eena a manoo waAAamiloo a l ssa li ha ti sayajAAalu lahumu a l rra h m a nu wudd a n
VERILY, those who attain to faith and do righteous deeds will the Most Gracious endow with love:80
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., bestow on them His love and endow them with the capability to love His creation, as well as cause them to be loved by their fellow-men. As is shown in the next verse, this gift of love is inherent in the guidance offered to man through divine revelation.

Surely the Beneficent will bring about love for those who believe and do good deeds.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
As for those who believe and do good, the Most Compassionate will 'certainly' bless them with 'genuine' love.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Lo! those who believe and do good works, the Beneficent will appoint for them love.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
On those who believe and work deeds of righteousness will (Allah) Most Gracious bestow Love. 2532
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

His own love, and the love of man's fellow-creatures, in this world and in the Hereafter. Goodness breeds love and peace, and sin breeds hatred and contention.

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19:97
فَإِنَّمَا يَسَّرْنَـٰهُ بِلِسَانِكَ لِتُبَشِّرَ بِهِ ٱلْمُتَّقِينَ وَتُنذِرَ بِهِۦ قَوْمًا لُّدًّا Fainnam a yassarn a hu bilis a nika litubashshira bihi almuttaqeena watun th ira bihi qawman ludd a n
and only to this end have We made this [divine writ] easy to understand, in thine own tongue, [O Prophet,]81 so that thou might convey thereby a glad tiding to the God-conscious, and warn thereby those who are given to [futile] contention:
  - Mohammad Asad

Since man is incapable of understanding the "word" of God as such, it has always been revealed to him in his own, human tongue (cf. 14:4 -"never have We sent forth any apostle otherwise than [with a message] in his own people's tongue"), and has always been expounded in concepts accessible to the human mind: hence the reference to the Prophet's revelations as "brought down upon thy heart" ({2: 97}), or "[divine inspiration] has alighted with it upon thy heart" ({26: 193-194}).

We have made this Qur'an easy in your own language so that you may give good news to the righteous and warn the headstrong contentious folk.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Indeed, We have made this 'Quran' easy in your own language 'O Prophet' so with it you may give good news to the righteous and warn those who are contentious.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And We make (this Scripture) easy in thy tongue, (O Muhammad) only that thou mayst bear good tidings therewith unto those who ward off (evil), and warn therewith the froward folk.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
So have We made the (Qur'an) easy in thine own tongue that with it thou mayest give Glad Tidings to the righteous and warnings to people given to contention.
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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19:98
وَكَمْ أَهْلَكْنَا قَبْلَهُم مِّن قَرْنٍ هَلْ تُحِسُّ مِنْهُم مِّنْ أَحَدٍ أَوْ تَسْمَعُ لَهُمْ رِكْزًۢا Wakam ahlakn a qablahum min qarnin hal tu h issu minhum min a h adin aw tasmaAAu lahum rikz a n
for, how many a generation82 have We destroyed before their time - [and] canst thou perceive any one of them [now], or hear any whisper of them?
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., civilization - a meaning which the term qarn has also in the identical phrase in verse {74}.

How many generations have We destroyed before them! Can you see any of them, or hear even a sound of them?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
'Imagine' how many peoples We have destroyed before them! Do you 'still' see any of them, or 'even' hear from them the slightest sound?
  - Mustafa Khattab
And how many a generation before them have We destroyed! Canst thou (Muhammad) see a single man of them, or hear from them the slightest sound?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
But how many (countless) generation before them have We destroyed? Canst thou find a single one of them (now) or hear (so much as) a whisper of them? 2533
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Cf. xix. 74, from which this sentence is brought up as a reminiscence, showing the progress of sin, the Guidance which Allah gives to the good, the degradation of blasphemy, the respite granted, and the final End, when personal responsibility will be enforced.

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