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Surah 20. Ta-Ha

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20:61
قَالَ لَهُم مُّوسَىٰ وَيْلَكُمْ لَا تَفْتَرُوا۟ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ كَذِبًا فَيُسْحِتَكُم بِعَذَابٍ ۖ وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنِ ٱفْتَرَىٰ Q a la lahum moos a waylakum l a taftaroo AAal a All a hi ka th iban fayus h itakum biAAa tha bin waqad kh a ba mani iftar a
Said Moses to them: "Woe unto you! Do not invent lies against God,43 lest He afflict you with most grievous suffering: for He who contrives [such] a lie is already undone!"
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., by deliberately denying the truth of His messages.

Musa addressed them saying: "Woe to you for this challenge! Do not forge a lie against Allah by calling it a magic, lest He destroy you by a scourge; for whosoever forge a lie will indeed be disappointed."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Moses warned the magicians, 'Woe to you! Do not fabricate a lie against Allah,1 or He will wipe you out with a torment. Whoever fabricates 'lies' is bound to fail.'
  - Mustafa Khattab

 By saying that Moses’ miracle is pure magic.

Moses said unto them: Woe unto you! Invent not a lie against Allah, lest He extirpate you by some punishment. He who lieth faileth miserably.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Moses said to him: "Woe to you! forge not ye a lie against Allah lest He destroy you (at once) utterly by chastisement: the forger must suffer frustration!" 2585
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Moses had some idea of their trickery and deceit. They would palm off their fraudulent magic as coming from Allah or from their gods! He warns them that their tricks will stand exposed, and their hopes will be defeated.

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20:62
فَتَنَـٰزَعُوٓا۟ أَمْرَهُم بَيْنَهُمْ وَأَسَرُّوا۟ ٱلنَّجْوَىٰ Fatan a zaAAoo amrahum baynahum waasarroo a l nnajw a
So they debated among themselves as to what to do; but they kept their counsel secret,
  - Mohammad Asad
Hearing this, they debated their case among themselves, whispering to one another.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
So the magicians disputed the matter among themselves, conversing privately.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Then they debated one with another what they must do, and they kept their counsel secret.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
So they disputed one with another over their affair but they kept their talk secret. 2586
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

They knew that they had here to deal with no ordinary man, but a man with powers above what they could conceive of. But evil always thinks evil. Judging Moses and Aaron by their own standards, they thought that these two were also tricksters, with some tricks superior to their own. All they had to do was to stand together, and they must win. I construe xx. 63-64 to be private talk among themselves, followed by their open challenge to Moses in xx. 65.

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20:63
قَالُوٓا۟ إِنْ هَـٰذَٰنِ لَسَـٰحِرَٰنِ يُرِيدَانِ أَن يُخْرِجَاكُم مِّنْ أَرْضِكُم بِسِحْرِهِمَا وَيَذْهَبَا بِطَرِيقَتِكُمُ ٱلْمُثْلَىٰ Q a loo in h atha ni las ah ir a ni yureed a ni an yukhrij a kum min ar d ikum bisi h rihim a waya th hab a bi t areeqatikumu almuthl a
saying [to one another]: "These two are surely sorcerers intent on driving you from your land44 by their sorcery, and on doing away with your time-honoured way of life.45
  - Mohammad Asad

See note [40] above. The dual form refers to Moses and Aaron.

Lit., "your exemplary [or "ideal"] way of life (tariqah)".

Finally they said: "These two (Musa and Haroon) are certainly expert magicians who intend to drive you out from your land with their magic and to do away with your best traditions.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
They concluded, 'These two are only magicians who want to drive you out of your land with their magic, and do away with your most cherished traditions.
  - Mustafa Khattab
They said: Lo! these are two wizards who would drive you out from your country by their magic, and destroy your best traditions;
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
They said: "These two are certainly (expert) magicians: their object is to drive you out from your land with their magic and to do away with your Most cherished institutions. 2587
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Cf. xx. 104. 'Your most cherished institutions,' i.e.,'your ancestral and time-honoured religion and magic'. Muthla, feminine of Amthal, most distinguished, honoured, cherished. Tariqat=way of life, institutions, conduct.

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20:64
فَأَجْمِعُوا۟ كَيْدَكُمْ ثُمَّ ٱئْتُوا۟ صَفًّا ۚ وَقَدْ أَفْلَحَ ٱلْيَوْمَ مَنِ ٱسْتَعْلَىٰ FaajmiAAoo kaydakum thumma itoo s affan waqad afla h a alyawma mani istaAAl a
Hence, [O sorcerers of Egypt,] decide upon the scheme which you will pursue, and then come forward in one single body:46 for, indeed, he who prevails today shall prosper indeed!"47
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "in one [single] line", i.e., in unison.

Cf. {7: 113-114}.

Therefore, muster up all devices and face them with a united front." Finally when the day of confrontation came, Fir'on said: " Whoever comes out victorious this day shall prevail."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
So orchestrate your plan, then come forward in 'perfect' ranks. And whoever prevails today will certainly be successful.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
So arrange your plan, and come in battle line. Whoso is uppermost this day will be indeed successful.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
"Therefore concert your plan. And then assemble in (serried) ranks: he wins (all along) today who gains the upper hand." 2588
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Presumably Pharaoh was in this secret conference, and he promises the most lavish rewards to the magicians if they overcome Moses. See vii. 114. That-but I think more than that-is implied. That day was to be the crisis: if they won then, they would win all along, and Moses and his people would be crushed.

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20:65
قَالُوا۟ يَـٰمُوسَىٰٓ إِمَّآ أَن تُلْقِىَ وَإِمَّآ أَن نَّكُونَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ أَلْقَىٰ Q a loo y a moos a imm a an tulqiya waimm a an nakoona awwala man alq a
Said [the sorcerers]: "O Moses! Either thou throw [thy staff first], or we shall be the first to throw."
  - Mohammad Asad
The magicians said: "O Musa! Will you throw down first or shall we?"
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
They said, 'O Moses! Either you cast, or let us be the first to cast.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
They said: O Moses! Either throw first, or let us be the first to throw?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
They said: "O Moses! whether wilt thou that thou throw (first) or that we be the first to throw?"
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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20:66
قَالَ بَلْ أَلْقُوا۟ ۖ فَإِذَا حِبَالُهُمْ وَعِصِيُّهُمْ يُخَيَّلُ إِلَيْهِ مِن سِحْرِهِمْ أَنَّهَا تَسْعَىٰ Q a la bal alqoo fai tha h ib a luhum waAAi s iyyuhum yukhayyalu ilayhi min si h rihim annah a tasAA a
He answered: "Nay, you throw [first]. "And lo! by virtue of their sorcery, their [magic] ropes and staffs seemed to him to be moving rapidly:
  - Mohammad Asad
Musa replied: "Go ahead, throw down first". Suddenly it appeared to Musa as if their cords and staffs were moving about because of their magic,
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Moses responded, 'No, you go first.' And suddenly their ropes and staffs appeared to him- by their magic- to be slithering.
  - Mustafa Khattab
He said: Nay, do ye throw! Then Lo! their cords and their staves, by their magic, appeared to him as though they ran.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
He said "Nay throw ye first!" Then behold their ropes and their rods so it seemed to him on account of their magic began to be in lively motion! 2589
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Their bag of tricks was so clever that it imposed upon all beholders. Their ropes and their rods were thrown, and seemed to move about like snakes. So realistic was the effect that even Moses felt the least bit of doubt in his own mind. He of course had no tricks, and he relied entirely on Allah.

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20:67
فَأَوْجَسَ فِى نَفْسِهِۦ خِيفَةً مُّوسَىٰ Faawjasa fee nafsihi kheefatan moos a
and in his heart Moses became apprehensive.48
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "conceived fear within himself". The implication is that the feat of the sorcerers was based on mass-hallucination (cf. 7:116 - "they cast a spell upon the people's eyes"), a hallucination to which even Moses succumbed for a while.

and Musa conceived fear within himself.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
So Moses concealed fear within himself.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And Moses conceived a fear in his mind
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
So Moses conceived in his mind a (sort of) fear. 2590
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The concerted attack of evil is sometimes so well contrived from all points that falsehood appears and is acclaimed as the truth. The believer of truth is isolated, and a sort of moral dizziness creeps over his mind. But by Allah's grace Faith asserts itself, gives him confidence, and points out the specific truths which will dissipate and destroy the teeming brood of falsehood.

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20:68
قُلْنَا لَا تَخَفْ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ ٱلْأَعْلَىٰ Quln a l a takhaf innaka anta alaAAl a
[But] We said: "Fear not! Verily, it is thou who shalt prevail!
  - Mohammad Asad
We said: "Do not be afraid! You will surely come out on top.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
We reassured 'him', 'Do not fear! It is certainly you who will prevail.
  - Mustafa Khattab
We said: Fear not! Lo! thou art the higher.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
We said: "Fear not! for thou hast indeed the upper hand:
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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20:69
وَأَلْقِ مَا فِى يَمِينِكَ تَلْقَفْ مَا صَنَعُوٓا۟ ۖ إِنَّمَا صَنَعُوا۟ كَيْدُ سَـٰحِرٍ ۖ وَلَا يُفْلِحُ ٱلسَّاحِرُ حَيْثُ أَتَىٰ Waalqi m a fee yameenika talqaf m a s anaAAoo innam a s anaAAoo kaydu s ah irin wal a yufli h u a l ss ah iru h aythu at a
And [now] throw that [staff] which is in thy right hand - it shall swallow up all that they have wrought: [for] they have wrought only a sorcerer's artifice, and the sorcerer can never come to any good, whatever he may aim at!"49
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "wherever he may come" - i.e., irrespective of whether he aims at a good or at an evil end (Razi). The above statement implies a categorical condemnation of all endeavours which fall under the heading of "magic", whatever the intention of the person who devotes himself to it. (In this connection, see also surah {2}, note [84].)

Throw that which is in your right hand. It will swallow up every thing they have produced. What they have produced is nothing but a magician's trick, and a magician can never succeed against a miracle no matter how skillful he may be."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Cast what is in your right hand, and it will swallow up what they have made, for what they have made is no more than a magic trick. And magicians can never succeed wherever they go.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
Throw that which is in thy right hand! It will eat up that which they have made. Lo! that which they have made but a wizards artifice, and a wizard shall not be successful to whatever point (of skill) he may attain.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
"Throw that which is in thy right hand: quickly will it swallow up that which they have faked. What they have faked is but a magician's trick: and the magician thrives not (no matter) where he goes." 2591
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The meaning may be either (1) that falsehood and trickery may have their day, but they cannot win everywhere, especially in the presence of Truth, or (2) that trickery and magic must come to an evil end.

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20:70
فَأُلْقِىَ ٱلسَّحَرَةُ سُجَّدًا قَالُوٓا۟ ءَامَنَّا بِرَبِّ هَـٰرُونَ وَمُوسَىٰ Faolqiya a l ssa h aratu sujjadan q a loo a mann a birabbi h a roona wamoos a
[And so it happened50 -] and down fell the sorcerers, prostrating themselves in adoration,51 [and] exclaimed: "We have come to believe in the Sustainer of Moses and Aaron!"
  - Mohammad Asad

Cf. {7:117-119}.

See note [90] on 7:120 .

When the magicians saw the serpent of Musa swallowing all their display, being professionals they knew that it was not magic, so the magicians humbled themselves by prostrating and said: "We believe in the Rabb of Haroon and Musa."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
So the magicians fell down in prostration, declaring, 'We believe in the Lord of Aaron and Moses.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
Then the wizards were (all) flung down prostrate, crying: We believe in the Lord of Aaron and Moses.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
So the magicians were thrown down to prostration: they said "We believe in the Lord of Aaron and Moses." 2592
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Cf. this passage with vii. 120-126 and the notes thereon.

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20:71
قَالَ ءَامَنتُمْ لَهُۥ قَبْلَ أَنْ ءَاذَنَ لَكُمْ ۖ إِنَّهُۥ لَكَبِيرُكُمُ ٱلَّذِى عَلَّمَكُمُ ٱلسِّحْرَ ۖ فَلَأُقَطِّعَنَّ أَيْدِيَكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُم مِّنْ خِلَـٰفٍ وَلَأُصَلِّبَنَّكُمْ فِى جُذُوعِ ٱلنَّخْلِ وَلَتَعْلَمُنَّ أَيُّنَآ أَشَدُّ عَذَابًا وَأَبْقَىٰ Q a la a mantum lahu qabla an ath ana lakum innahu lakabeerukumu alla th ee AAallamakumu a l ssi h ra falaoqa tt iAAanna aydiyakum waarjulakum min khil a fin walao s allibannakum fee ju th ooAAi a l nnakhli walataAAlamunna ayyun a ashaddu AAa tha ban waabq a
Said [Pharaoh]: "Have you come to believe in him52 ere I have given you permission? Verily, he must be your master who has taught you magic! But I shall most certainly cut off your hands and feet in great numbers, because of [your] perverseness, and I shall most certainly crucify you in great numbers on trunks of palm-trees:53 and [I shall do this] so that you might come to know for certain as to which of us [two]54 can inflict a more severe chastisement, and [which] is the more abiding!"
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., Moses (cf. note [91] on 7:123 ).

Regarding the meaning of the stress on "great numbers", forthcoming from the grammatical form of the verbs employed by Pharaoh, see surah {7}, note [92].

Sc., "I or the God in whom you now believe".

Fir'on said: "How do you dare to believe in Him without my permission? This man must be your master, who taught you witchcraft. Well, I will cut off your hands and feet on alternate sides and crucify you on trunks of palm-trees; then you will know which one of us can give a more terrible and more lasting punishment."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Pharaoh threatened, 'How dare you believe in him before I give you permission? He must be your master who taught you magic. I will certainly cut off your hands and feet on opposite sides, and crucify you on the trunks of palm trees. You will really see whose punishment is more severe and more lasting.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
(Pharaoh) said: Ye put faith in him before I give you leave. Lo! he is your chief who taught you magic. Now surely I shall cut off your hands and your feet alternately, and I shall crucify you on the trunks of palm trees, and ye shall know for certain which of us hath sterner and more lasting punishment.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
(Pharaoh) said: "Believe ye in Him before I give you permission? Surely this must be your leader who has taught you magic! Be sure I will cut off your hands and feet on opposite sides and I will have you crucified on trunks of palm-trees: So shall ye know for certain which of us can give the more severe and the more lasting Punishment!" 2593
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Pharaoh accuses his sorcerers who have been converted, of having been in league with Moses all the time, and in fact of having been led and taught by him! So arrogance and evil cannot conceive of Allah's worlds and worlds of beauty and truth beyond its own narrow vision! It is truly blind and its very cleverness deludes it to wander far from the truth.

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20:72
قَالُوا۟ لَن نُّؤْثِرَكَ عَلَىٰ مَا جَآءَنَا مِنَ ٱلْبَيِّنَـٰتِ وَٱلَّذِى فَطَرَنَا ۖ فَٱقْضِ مَآ أَنتَ قَاضٍ ۖ إِنَّمَا تَقْضِى هَـٰذِهِ ٱلْحَيَوٰةَ ٱلدُّنْيَآ Q a loo lan nuthiraka AAal a m a j a an a mina albayyin a ti wa a lla th ee fa t aran a fa i q d i m a anta q ad in innam a taq d ee h ath ihi al h ay a ta a l dduny a
They answered: "Never shall we prefer thee to all the evidence of the truth that has come unto us, nor to Him who has brought us into being! Decree, then, whatever thou art going to decree: thou canst decree only [something that pertains to] this worldly life!55
  - Mohammad Asad

Or: "thou canst end [for us] only this worldly life". It is to be noted that the verb qada signifies, among other meanings, "he decreed" as well as "he ended [something]".

The magicians replied: "We can never prefer you, rather we prefer the miracle which we have witnessed and Him Who has created us. Therefore do whatever you will; you can only punish us in this worldly life.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
They responded, 'By the One Who created us! We will never prefer you over the clear proofs that have come to us. So do whatever you want! Your authority only covers the 'fleeting' life of this world.
  - Mustafa Khattab
They said: We choose thee not above the clear proofs that have come unto us, and above Him Who created us. So decree what thou wilt decree. Thou wilt end for us only the life of the world.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
They said: "Never shall we regard thee as more than the Clear Signs that have come to us or than Him Who created us! So decree whatever thou desirest to decree: for thou canst only decree (touching) the life of this world. 2594 2595
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Clear Signs: the miracles, the personality of the Messengers of Allah, the logic of events as they unfolded themselves, and the light of inner conviction in their own conscience. There are in addition the Signs and Proofs of Allah in nature, which are referred to in many places, e.g., xx. 53-54.

Thus was the first part of the mission of Moses-that to the Egyptians-fulfilled. See n. 1083 to vii. 126.

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20:73
إِنَّآ ءَامَنَّا بِرَبِّنَا لِيَغْفِرَ لَنَا خَطَـٰيَـٰنَا وَمَآ أَكْرَهْتَنَا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ ٱلسِّحْرِ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ خَيْرٌ وَأَبْقَىٰٓ Inn a a mann a birabbin a liyaghfira lan a kha ta y a n a wam a akrahtan a AAalayhi mina a l ssi h ri wa A ll a hu khayrun waabq a
As for us, behold, we have come to believe in our Sustainer, [hoping] that He may forgive us our faults and all that magic unto which thou hast forced us:56 for God is the best [to look forward to], and the One who is truly abiding."57
  - Mohammad Asad

Pharaoh (a title borne by every indigenous ruler of Egypt) was considered to be a "god-king" and, thus, the embodiment of the Egyptian religion, in which occult practices and magic played a very important role; hence, every one of his subjects was duty-bound to accept magic as an integral part of the scheme of life.

Lit., "and the most abiding", i.e., eternal: cf. {55:26-27}.

As for us, we have believed in our Rabb so that He may forgive us our sins and the magic you have forced us to practice. Better is the ever lasting reward of Allah."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Indeed, we have believed in our Lord so He may forgive our sins and that magic you have forced us to practice. And Allah is far superior 'in reward' and more lasting 'in punishment'.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
Lo! we believe in our Lord, that He may forgive us our sins and the magic unto which thou didst force us. Allah is better and more lasting.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
For us we have believed in our Lord: may He forgive us our faults and the magic to which thou didst compel us: for Allah is Best and Most Abiding." 2596
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The magic mummery, and deceptions which pertained to Egyptian Pagan religion became a creed, a State article of faith, to which all citizens were compelled to bow, and which its priests were compelled actively to practise. And Pharaoh was at the head of the whole system-the high priest or the supreme god. With justice, therefore, do the converted magicians lay the blame on Pharaoh, effectively negativing Pharaoh's disingenuous charge that they had been in league with Moses. These falsehoods and deceptions-combined in many cases with horrid cruelties, open and secret,-were common to many Pagan systems. Some of them have been investigated in detail in Sir John G. Frazer' Golden Bough.

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20:74
إِنَّهُۥ مَن يَأْتِ رَبَّهُۥ مُجْرِمًا فَإِنَّ لَهُۥ جَهَنَّمَ لَا يَمُوتُ فِيهَا وَلَا يَحْيَىٰ Innahu man yati rabbahu mujriman fainna lahu jahannama l a yamootu feeh a wal a ya h y a
VERILY, as for him who shall appear before his Sustainer [on Judgment Day] lost in sin-his [portion], behold, shall be hell: he will neither die therein nor live;58
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., he will neither be reborn spiritually nor find peace through extinction (Baghawi, Baydawi). As is apparent from the juxtaposition, in the next verse, of the term mujrim (rendered by me as "one who is lost in sin") with that of mu'min ("believer"), the former term is here applied to one who, in his lifetime, has consciously and persistently denied God (Baydawi).

Surely he who will come to his Rabb as a sinner shall be consigned to Hell - wherein he shall neither die nor live.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Whoever comes to their Lord as an evildoer will certainly have Hell, where they can neither live nor die.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Lo! whoso cometh guilty unto his Lord, verily for him is hell. There he will neither die nor live.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Verily he who comes to his Lord as a sinner (at judgment) for him is Hell: therein shall he neither die nor live. 2597
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The verses xx. 74-76 are best construed as comments on the story of the converted Egyptians who had "purified themselves (from evil)". But some construe them as a continuation of their speech.

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20:75
وَمَن يَأْتِهِۦ مُؤْمِنًا قَدْ عَمِلَ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ فَأُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ لَهُمُ ٱلدَّرَجَـٰتُ ٱلْعُلَىٰ Waman yatihi muminan qad AAamila a l ssa li ha ti faol a ika lahumu a l ddaraj a tu alAAul a
whereas he who shall appear before Him as a believer who has done righteous deeds59 - it is such that shall have lofty stations [in the life to come]:
  - Mohammad Asad

Thus the Qur'an implies - here as well as in many other places - that the spiritual value of a person's faith depends on his doing righteous deeds as well: cf. the statement in 6:158 that on Judgment Day "believing will be of no avail to any human being... who, while believing, did no good works".

While he who will come to Him as a believer and has done good deeds shall have the highest ranks
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
But whoever comes to Him as a believer, having done good, they will have the highest ranks:
  - Mustafa Khattab
But whoso cometh unto Him a believer, having done good works, for such are the high stations;
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
But such as comes to Him as Believers who have worked righteous deeds--for them are ranks exalted
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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