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Surah 3. Aal-Imran

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3:51
إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ رَبِّى وَرَبُّكُمْ فَٱعْبُدُوهُ ۗ هَـٰذَا صِرَٰطٌ مُّسْتَقِيمٌ Inna All a ha rabbee warabbukum fa o AAbudoohu h atha s ir at un mustaqeem un
"Verily, God is my Sustainer as well as your Sustainer: so worship Him [alone]: this is a straight way.
  - Mohammad Asad
In fact, Allah is my Rabb as well as your Rabb, therefore, worship Him; this is the Right Way.'"
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Surely Allah is my Lord and your Lord. So worship Him 'alone'. This is the Straight Path.''
  - Mustafa Khattab
Lo! Allah is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him. That is a straight path.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
"It is Allah who is my Lord and your Lord; then worship Him. This is a way that is straight."
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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3:52
فَلَمَّآ أَحَسَّ عِيسَىٰ مِنْهُمُ ٱلْكُفْرَ قَالَ مَنْ أَنصَارِىٓ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ ۖ قَالَ ٱلْحَوَارِيُّونَ نَحْنُ أَنصَارُ ٱللَّهِ ءَامَنَّا بِٱللَّهِ وَٱشْهَدْ بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ Falamm a a h assa AAees a minhumu alkufra q a la man an sa ree il a All a hi q a la al h aw a riyyoona na h nu an sa ru All a hi a mann a bi A ll a hi wa i shhad biann a muslimoon a
And when Jesus became aware of their refusal to acknowledge the truth,41 he asked: "Who will be my helpers in God's cause?" The white-garbed ones42 replied: "We shall be [thy] helpers [in the cause] of God! We believe in God: and bear thou witness that we have surrendered ourselves unto Him!
  - Mohammad Asad

This relates to a later time, when Jesus was being opposed by the majority of his people, and particularly the Pharisees.

Al-hawariyyun (sing. hawari) is the designation applied in the Qur'an to the disciples of Jesus. Many interpretations of this term (derived from hawar, "whiteness") are given by the commentators, ranging from "one who whitens clothes by washing them" (because this was allegedly the occupation of some of Jesus' disciples) to "one who wears white garments", or "one whose heart is white", i.e., pure (cf. Tabari, Razi, Ibn Kathir). It is, however, most probable - and the evidence provided by the recently discovered Dead Sea Scrolls strongly supports this view - that the term hawari was popularly used to denote a member of the Essene Brotherhood, a Jewish religious group which existed in Palestine at the time of Jesus, and to which, possibly, he himself belonged. The Essenes were distinguished by their strong insistence on moral purity and unselfish conduct, and always wore white garments as the outward mark of their convictions; and this would satisfactorily explain the name given to them. The fact that the Prophet once said, "Every prophet has his hawari" (Bukhari and Muslim) does not conflict with the above view, since he obviously used this term figuratively, recalling thereby Jesus' "helpers in God's cause".

When Isa (Jesus) found out that they (most of the children of Israel) had no faith, he asked: "Who will help me in the cause of Allah?" The Disciples replied: "We will help you in the cause of Allah. We believe in Allah. Be our witness that we are Muslims."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
When Jesus sensed disbelief from his people, he asked, 'Who will stand up with me for Allah?' The disciples replied, 'We will stand up for Allah. We believe in Allah, so bear witness that we have submitted.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
But when Jesus became conscious of their disbelief, he cried: Who will be my helpers in the cause of Allah? The disciples said: We will be Allah's helpers. We believe in Allah, and bear thou witness that we have surrendered (unto Him).
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
When Jesus found unbelief on their part he said: "Who will be my helpers to (the work of) Allah?" Said the Disciples: "We are Allah's helpers we believe in Allah and do thou bear witness that we are Muslims. 392
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The story of Jesus is told with special application to the time of the Prophet Muhammad. Note the word helpers (Ansar) in this connection, and the reference to plotters in iii. 54. It was the one Religion-the Religion of Allah, which was in essence the religion of Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. The argument runs: who do ye then now make divisions and reject the living Teacher? Islam is: bowing to the Will of Allah. All who have faith should bow to the Will of Allah and be Muslims.

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3:53
رَبَّنَآ ءَامَنَّا بِمَآ أَنزَلْتَ وَٱتَّبَعْنَا ٱلرَّسُولَ فَٱكْتُبْنَا مَعَ ٱلشَّـٰهِدِينَ Rabban a a mann a bim a anzalta wa i ttabaAAn a a l rrasoola fa o ktubn a maAAa a l shsh a hideen a
0 our Sustainer! We believe in what Thou hast bestowed from on high, and we follow this Apostle; make us one,43 then, with all who bear witness [to the truth]!"
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "write us down" or "inscribe us". It must, however, be borne in mind that the verb kataba means also "he drew together" or "brought together": hence the noun katibah, "a body of men".

Then they invoked Allah and said): "Our Rabb! We believe in what you have revealed and we follow Your Rasool. Please count us with those who bear witness."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
'They prayed to Allah,' 'Our Lord! We believe in Your revelations and follow the messenger, so count us among those who bear witness.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
Our Lord! We believe in that which Thou hast revealed and we follow him whom Thou hast sent. Enroll us among those who witness (to the truth).
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
"Our Lord! we believe in what thou hast revealed and we follow the Apostle; then write us down among those who bear witness."
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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3:54
وَمَكَرُوا۟ وَمَكَرَ ٱللَّهُ ۖ وَٱللَّهُ خَيْرُ ٱلْمَـٰكِرِينَ Wamakaroo wamakara All a hu wa A ll a hu khayru alm a kireen a
And the unbelievers schemed [against Jesus];44 but God brought their scheming to nought: for God is above all schemers.
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "they schemed" - here referring to those among the Jews who refused to acknowledge Jesus as a prophet and tried to destroy him.

The unbelievers among the children of Israel plotted against Isa and Allah also devised a plan to raise him up, and Allah is the best in planning.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And the disbelievers made a plan 'against Jesus', but Allah also planned- and Allah is the best of planners.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And they (the disbelievers) schemed, and Allah schemed (against them): and Allah is the best of schemers.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And (then unbelievers) plotted and planned and Allah too planned and the best of planners is Allah. 393
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The Arabic Makara has both a bad and a good meaning, that of making an intricate plan to carry out some secret purpose. The enemies of Allah are constantly doing that. But Allah-in whose hands is all good-has His plans also, against which the evil ones will have no chance whatever.

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3:55
إِذْ قَالَ ٱللَّهُ يَـٰعِيسَىٰٓ إِنِّى مُتَوَفِّيكَ وَرَافِعُكَ إِلَىَّ وَمُطَهِّرُكَ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ وَجَاعِلُ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّبَعُوكَ فَوْقَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓا۟ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ ٱلْقِيَـٰمَةِ ۖ ثُمَّ إِلَىَّ مَرْجِعُكُمْ فَأَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ فِيمَا كُنتُمْ فِيهِ تَخْتَلِفُونَ I th q a la All a hu y a AAees a innee mutawaffeeka war a fiAAuka ilayya wamu t ahhiruka mina alla th eena kafaroo waj a AAilu alla th eena ittabaAAooka fawqa alla th eena kafaroo il a yawmi alqiy a mati thumma ilayya marjiAAukum faa h kumu baynakum feem a kuntum feehi takhtalifoon a
Lo! God said: "O Jesus! Verily, I shall cause thee to die, and shall exalt thee unto Me, and cleanse thee of [the presence of] those who are bent on denying the truth; and I shall place those who follow thee [far] above those who are bent on denying the truth, unto the Day of Resurrection. In the end, unto Me you all must return, and I shall judge between you with regard to all on which you were wont to differ.45
  - Mohammad Asad

This refers to all who revere Jesus (i.e., the Christians, who believe him to be "the son of God", and the Muslims, who regard him as a prophet) as well as to those who deny him altogether. Regarding God's promise to Jesus, "I shall exalt thee unto Me", see surah {4}, note [172].

Allah said: "O Isa (Jesus)! I am going to recall you (from your mission) and raise you up to Myself. I will clean you of those who rejected you and exalt your followers above the unbelievers till the Day of Resurrection; then to Me shall be your return and I shall judge those matters in which you have been disputing.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
'Remember' when Allah said, 'O Jesus! I will take you1 and raise you up to Myself. I will deliver you from those who disbelieve, and elevate your followers above the disbelievers until the Day of Judgment. Then to Me you will 'all' return, and I will settle all your disputes.
  - Mustafa Khattab

 ‘Mutawaffîka’ means literally: “I will make you reach the end of your worldly term.” The popular Muslim belief is that a conspiracy was made to kill Jesus. Allah made the main culprit who betrayed Jesus look exactly like Jesus, while the culprit was crucified. Similar to Christians, Muslims believe in the second coming of Jesus (ﷺ).

(And remember) when Allah said: O Jesus! Lo! I am gathering thee and causing thee to ascend unto Me, and am cleansing thee of those who disbelieve and am setting those who follow thee above those who disbelieve until the Day of Resurrection. Then unto Me ye will (all) return, and I shall judge between you as to that wherein ye used to differ.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Behold! Allah said: "O Jesus! I will take thee and raise thee to Myself and clear thee (of the falsehoods) of those who blaspheme; I will make those who follow thee superior to those who reject Faith to the Day of Resurrection; then shall ye all return unto Me and I will judge between you of the matters wherein ye dispute. 394 395 396 397
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Read this with iv. 157, where it is said that "whereas they slew him not nor they crucified him but it was made dubious unto them. The guilt of the Jews remained, but Jesus was eventually taken up to Allah.

Jesus was charged by the Jews with blasphemy as claiming to be Allah or the son of Allah. The Christians (except a few early sects which were annihilated by persecution, and the modern sect of Unitarians), adopted the substance of the claim, and made it the cornerstone of their faith. Allah clears Jesus of such a charge or claim.

Those who follow thee refers to those who followed Jesus in contrast to the Jews who rejected him.

All the controversies about dogma and faith will disappear when we appear before Allah. He will judge not by what we profess but by what we are.

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3:56
فَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ فَأُعَذِّبُهُمْ عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا فِى ٱلدُّنْيَا وَٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ وَمَا لَهُم مِّن نَّـٰصِرِينَ Faamm a alla th eena kafaroo faoAAa thth ibuhum AAa tha ban shadeedan fee a l dduny a wa a l a khirati wam a lahum min n as ireen a
"And as for those who are bent on denying the truth, I shall cause them to suffer a suffering severe in this world and in the life to come, and they shall have none to succour them;
  - Mohammad Asad
Those who are unbelievers will be punished with severe punishment in this world and the Hereafter; they shall have no helpers.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
As for those who disbelieve, I will subject them to a severe punishment in this life and the Hereafter, and they will have no helpers.
  - Mustafa Khattab
As for those who disbelieve I shall chastise them with a heavy chastisement in the world and the Hereafter; and they will have no helpers.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
"As to those who reject faith I will punish them with terrible agony in this world and in the Hereafter nor will they have anyone to help.
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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3:57
وَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ فَيُوَفِّيهِمْ أُجُورَهُمْ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ Waamm a alla th eena a manoo waAAamiloo a l ssa li ha ti fayuwaffeehim ojoorahum wa A ll a hu l a yu h ibbu a l thth a limeen a
whereas unto those who attain to faith and do good works He will grant their reward in full: for God does not love evildoers."
  - Mohammad Asad
As for those who believe and do good deeds, Allah will pay them their full reward. Allah does not love the transgressors."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And as for those who believe and do good, they will be rewarded in full. And Allah does not like the wrongdoers.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
And as for those who believe and do good works, He will pay them their wages in full. Allah loveth not wrongdoers.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
"As to those who believe and work righteousness Allah will pay them (in full) their reward; but Allah loveth not those who do wrong.
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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3:58
ذَٰلِكَ نَتْلُوهُ عَلَيْكَ مِنَ ٱلْـَٔايَـٰتِ وَٱلذِّكْرِ ٱلْحَكِيمِ Tha lika natloohu AAalayka mina al a y a ti wa al thth ikri al h akeem i
THIS MESSAGE do We convey unto thee, and this tiding full of wisdom:46
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "This We convey unto thee of the messages and of the wise tiding." The expression "this of the messages" bears, to my mind, the connotation of one particular message - namely, the one which follows immediately after this sentence.

This revelation which We recite to you is full of signs and wise reminders.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
We recite 'all' this to you 'O Prophet' as one of the signs1 and 'as' a wise reminder.
  - Mustafa Khattab

 As a testament to your prophethood.

This (which) We recite unto thee is a revelation and a wise reminder.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
"This is what We rehearse unto thee of the Signs and the Message of Wisdom."
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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3:59
إِنَّ مَثَلَ عِيسَىٰ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ كَمَثَلِ ءَادَمَ ۖ خَلَقَهُۥ مِن تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُۥ كُن فَيَكُونُ Inna mathala AAees a AAinda All a hi kamathali a dama khalaqahu min tur a bin thumma q a la lahu kun fayakoon u
Verily, in the sight of God, the nature of Jesus is as the nature of Adam, whom He created out of dust and then said unto him, "Be" - and he is.47
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "The parable of Jesus is as the parable of Adam...", etc. The expression mathal (rendered above as "nature") is often metaphorically employed to denote the state or condition (of a person or a thing), and is in this sense - as the commentators have pointed out - synonymous with sifah (the "quality" or "nature" of a thing). As is evident from the sequence, the above passage is part of an argument against the Christian doctrine of the divinity of Jesus. The Qur'an stresses here as in many other places, the fact that Jesus, like Adam - by which name, in this context, the whole human race is meant - was only a mortal "created out of dust", i.e., out of substances, both organic and inorganic, which are found in their elementary forms on and in the earth. Cf. also 18:37 22:5 , 30:20 , 35:11 , 40:67 , where the Qur'an speaks of all human beings as "created out of dust". That "Adam" stands here for the human race is clearly implied in the use of the present tense in the last word of this sentence.

In fact the example of the birth of Isa ( Jesus) in the sight of Allah is like the example of Adam who had no father and mother, whom He created out of dust, then said to him: "Be" and he was.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Indeed, the example of Jesus in the sight of Allah is like that of Adam. He created him from dust, then said to him, 'Be!' And he was!
  - Mustafa Khattab
Lo! the likeness of Jesus with Allah is as the likeness of Adam. He created him of dust, then He said unto him: Be! and he is.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
This similitude of Jesus before Allah is as that of Adam: He created him from dust then said to him: "Be" and he was. 398
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

After a description of the high position which Jesus occupies as a prophet, we have a repudiation of the dogma that he was Allah, or the son of Allah, or anything more than a man. If it is said that he was born without a human father, Adam was also so born. Indeed Adam was born without either a human father or mother. As far as our physical bodies are concerned they are mere dust. In Allah's sight Jesus was as dust just as Adam was or humanity is. The greatness of Jesus arose from the divine command "Be": for after that he was-more than dust - a great Prophet and teacher.

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3:60
ٱلْحَقُّ مِن رَّبِّكَ فَلَا تَكُن مِّنَ ٱلْمُمْتَرِينَ Al h aqqu min rabbika fal a takun mina almumtareen a
[This is] the truth from thy Sustainer; be not, then, among the doubters!
  - Mohammad Asad
This is the Truth from your Rabb, therefore, do not be of those who doubt it.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
This is the truth from your Lord, so do not be one of those who doubt.
  - Mustafa Khattab
(This is) the truth from thy Lord (O Muhammad), so be not thou of those who waver.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
The truth (comes) from Allah alone; so be not of those who doubt. 399
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The truth does not necessarily come from priests, or from the superstitions of whole peoples. It comes from Allah, and where there is a direct revelation, there is no room for doubt.

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3:61
فَمَنْ حَآجَّكَ فِيهِ مِنۢ بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَكَ مِنَ ٱلْعِلْمِ فَقُلْ تَعَالَوْا۟ نَدْعُ أَبْنَآءَنَا وَأَبْنَآءَكُمْ وَنِسَآءَنَا وَنِسَآءَكُمْ وَأَنفُسَنَا وَأَنفُسَكُمْ ثُمَّ نَبْتَهِلْ فَنَجْعَل لَّعْنَتَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَى ٱلْكَـٰذِبِينَ Faman ha jjaka feehi min baAAdi m a j a aka mina alAAilmi faqul taAA a law nadAAu abn a an a waabn a akum wanis a an a wanis a akum waanfusan a waanfusakum thumma nabtahil fanajAAal laAAnata All a hi AAal a alk ath ibeen a
And if anyone should argue with thee about this [truth] after all the knowledge that has come unto thee, say: "Come! Let us summon our sons and your sons, and our women and your women, and ourselves and yourselves; and then let us pray [together] humbly and ardently, and let us invoke God's curse upon those [of us] who are telling a lie."48
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., regarding the true nature of Jesus. According to all the reliable authorities, verses {59-63} of this surah were revealed in the year 10 H., on the occasion of a dispute between the Prophet and a deputation of the Christians of Najran who, like all other Christians, maintained that Jesus was "the son of God" and, therefore, God incarnate. Although they refused the "trial through prayer" (mubahalah) proposed to them by the Prophet, the latter accorded to them a treaty guaranteeing all their civic rights and the free exercise of their religion.

If anyone disputes with you concerning this matter (the birth of Jesus) after full knowledge has come to you, say: "Come! Let us gather our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves: then let us earnestly pray and invoke the curse of Allah on the liars."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Now, whoever disputes with you 'O Prophet' concerning Jesus after full knowledge has come to you, say, 'Come! Let us gather our children and your children, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves- then let us sincerely invoke Allah's curse upon the liars.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
And whoso disputeth with thee concerning him, after the knowledge which hath come unto thee, say (unto him): Come! We will summon our sons and your sons, and our women and your women, and ourselves and yourselves, then we will pray humbly (to our Lord) and (solemnly) invoke the curse of Allah upon those who lie.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
If anyone disputes in this matter with thee now after (full) knowledge hath come to thee say: "Come! let us gather together our sons and your sons our women and your women ourselves and yourselves: then let us earnestly pray and invoke the curse of Allah on those who lie!" 400
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

In the year of Deputations, 10th of the Hijra, came a Christian embassy from Najran (towards Yaman, about 150 miles north of Sanaa). They were much impressed on hearing this passage of the Qur-an explaining thc true position of Christ, and they entered into tributary relations with the new Muslim State. But ingrained habits and customs prevented them from accepting Islam as a body. The Holy Prophet, firm in his faith, proposed a Mubahala, i.e., a solemn meeting, in which both sides should summon not only their men, but their women and children, earnestly pray to Allah, and invoke the curse of Allah on those who should lie. Those who had a pure and sincere faith would not hesitate. The Christians declined, and they were dismissed in a spirit of tolerance with a promise of protection from the State in return for tribute.

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3:62
إِنَّ هَـٰذَا لَهُوَ ٱلْقَصَصُ ٱلْحَقُّ ۚ وَمَا مِنْ إِلَـٰهٍ إِلَّا ٱللَّهُ ۚ وَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ Inna h atha lahuwa alqa s a s u al h aqqu wam a min il a hin ill a All a hu wainna All a ha lahuwa alAAazeezu al h akeem u
Behold, this is indeed the truth of the matter, and there is no deity whatever save God; and, verily, God - He alone - is almighty, truly wise.
  - Mohammad Asad
Verily this is the absolute true explanation. The fact of the matter is, that there is no god but Allah; and for sure Allah is the Mighty, the Wise.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Certainly, this is the true narrative, and there is no god 'worthy of worship' except Allah. And indeed, Allah 'alone' is the Almighty, All-Wise.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Lo! This verily is the true narrative. There is no God save Allah, and lo! Allah is the Mighty, the Wise.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
This is the true account: there is no god except Allah; and Allah He is indeed the Exalted in Power the Wise. 401
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

We are now in a position to deal with the questions which we left over at ii. 87. Jesus is no more than a man. It is against reason and revelation to call him Allah or the son of Allah. He is called the son of Mary to emphasize this. He had no human father, as his birth was miraculous. But it is not this which raise him to his high position as a prophet, but because Allah called him to his office. The praise is due to Allah, Who by His word gave him spiritual strength-"strengthened him with the Holy spirit. The miracles which surround his story relate not only to the "Clear Signs" which he brought. It was those who misunderstood him who obscured his clear Signs and surrounded him with mysteries of their own invention.

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3:63
فَإِن تَوَلَّوْا۟ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلِيمٌۢ بِٱلْمُفْسِدِينَ Fain tawallaw fainna All a ha AAaleemun bi a lmufsideen a
And if they turn away [from this truth] - behold, God has full knowledge of the spreaders of corruption.
  - Mohammad Asad
But if they turn away from accepting this challenge, it will be clear proof of their mischief and Allah has the full knowledge of mischief-makers.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
If they turn away, then surely Allah has 'perfect' knowledge of the corruptors.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And if they turn away, then Lo! Allah is Aware of (who are) the corrupters.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
But if they turn back Allah hath full knowledge of those who do mischief.
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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3:64
قُلْ يَـٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ تَعَالَوْا۟ إِلَىٰ كَلِمَةٍ سَوَآءٍۭ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ أَلَّا نَعْبُدَ إِلَّا ٱللَّهَ وَلَا نُشْرِكَ بِهِۦ شَيْـًٔا وَلَا يَتَّخِذَ بَعْضُنَا بَعْضًا أَرْبَابًا مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ ۚ فَإِن تَوَلَّوْا۟ فَقُولُوا۟ ٱشْهَدُوا۟ بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ Qul y a ahla alkit a bi taAA a law il a kalimatin saw a in baynan a wabaynakum all a naAAbuda ill a All a ha wal a nushrika bihi shayan wal a yattakhi th a baAA d un a baAA d an arb a ban min dooni All a hi fain tawallaw faqooloo ishhadoo biann a muslimoon a
Say: "O followers of earlier revelation! Come unto that tenet which we and you hold in common:49 that we shall worship none but God, and that we shall not ascribe divinity to aught beside Him, and that we shall not take human beings for our lords beside God."50 And if they turn away, then say: "Bear witness that it is we who have surrendered ourselves unto Him.
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "a word [that is] equitable between you and us". The term kalimah, primarily meaning "word" or "utterance", is often used in the philosophical sense of "proposition" or "tenet".

Lit., "that we shall not take one another for lords beside God". Since the personal pronoun "we" obviously applies to human beings, the expression "one another" necessarily bears the same connotation. In its wider implication, the above call is addressed not merely to the Christians, who attribute divinity to Jesus and certain aspects of divinity to their saints, but also to the Jews, who assign a quasi-divine authority to Ezra and even to some of their great Talmudic scholars (cf. {9:30-31}).

Say: "O people of the Book! Let us get together on what is common between us and you: that we shall worship none but Allah; that we shall not associate any partners with Him; that we shall not take from among ourselves any lords beside Allah." If they reject your invitation then tell them: "Bear witness that we are Muslims (who have surrendered to Allah)."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Say, 'O Prophet,' 'O People of the Book! Let us come to common terms: that we will worship none but Allah, associate none with Him, nor take one another as lords instead of Allah.' But if they turn away, then say, 'Bear witness that we have submitted 'to Allah alone'.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
Say: O People of the Scripture. Come to an agreement between us and you: that we shall worship none but Allah, and that we shall ascribe no partners unto Him, and that none of us shall take others for lords beside Allah. And if they turn away, then say: Bear witness that we are they who have surrendered (unto Him).
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Say: "O people of the Book! come to common terms as between us and you: that we worship none but Allah; that we associate no partners with Him; that we erect not from among ourselves Lords and patrons other than Allah." If then they turn back say: "Bear witness that we (at least) are Muslims (bowing to Allah's will)." 402
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

In the abstract the People of the Book would agree to all three propositions. In practice they fail. Apart from doctrinal lapses from the unity of the One True God, there is the question of a consecrated Priesthood (among the Jews it was hereditary also), as if a mere human being-Cohen, or Pope, or Priest, or Brahman, could claim superiority apart from his learning and the purity of his life, or could stand between man and Allah in some special sense. The same remarks apply to the worship of saints. They may be pure and sincere, but no one can protect us or claim Lordship over us except Allah. For Rabb, see i. 2. n. Abraham was a true Prophet of Allah, but he could not be called a Jew or a Christian as he lived long before the Law of Moses or the Gospel of Jesus was revealed.

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3:65
يَـٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ لِمَ تُحَآجُّونَ فِىٓ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ وَمَآ أُنزِلَتِ ٱلتَّوْرَىٰةُ وَٱلْإِنجِيلُ إِلَّا مِنۢ بَعْدِهِۦٓ ۚ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ Y a ahla alkit a bi lima tu ha jjoona fee ibr a heema wam a onzilati a l ttawr a tu wa a linjeelu ill a min baAAdihi afal a taAAqiloon a
O FOLLOWERS of earlier revelation! Why do you argue about Abraham,51 seeing that the Torah and the Gospel were not revealed till [long] after him? Will you not, then, use your reason?
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., as to whether the principles he followed were those of the Jewish faith, according to which the Torah is considered to be the final Law of God, or of the Christian faith, which conflicts with the former in many respects.

O people of the Book! Why do you argue with us about Ibrahim, as to whether he was a Jew or a Christian? You know, that the Taurat (Torah) and the Injeel (Gospel) were revealed long after him? Have you no sense at all?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
O People of the Book! Why do you argue about Abraham, while the Torah and the Gospel were not revealed until long after him? Do you not understand?
  - Mustafa Khattab
O People of the Scripture! Why will ye argue about Abraham, when the Torah and the Gospel were not revealed till after him? Have ye then no sense?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Ye people of the Book! why dispute ye about Abraham when the Law and the Gospel were not revealed till after him? Have ye no understanding?
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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3:66
هَـٰٓأَنتُمْ هَـٰٓؤُلَآءِ حَـٰجَجْتُمْ فِيمَا لَكُم بِهِۦ عِلْمٌ فَلِمَ تُحَآجُّونَ فِيمَا لَيْسَ لَكُم بِهِۦ عِلْمٌ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ وَأَنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ H a antum h a ol a i ha jajtum feem a lakum bihi AAilmun falima tu ha jjoona feem a laysa lakum bihi AAilmun wa A ll a hu yaAAlamu waantum l a taAAlamoon a
Lo! You are the ones who would argue about that which is known to you; but why do you argue about something which is unknown to you?52 Yet God knows [it], whereas you do not know:
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., as to what was the true creed of Abraham. "That which is known to you" is an allusion to their knowledge of the obvious fact that many of the teachings based on the extant versions of the Torah and the Gospels conflict with the teachings of the Qur'an (Razi).

So far you have been arguing about things of which you had some knowledge! Must you now argue about that of which you know nothing at all? Allah knows while you do not.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Here you are! You disputed about what you have 'little' knowledge of,1 but why do you now argue about what you have no knowledge of?2 Allah knows and you do not know.
  - Mustafa Khattab

 The perception of Jesus (ﷺ).

 Abraham (ﷺ) being Jewish or Christian.

Lo! ye are those who argue about that whereof ye have some knowledge: Why then argue ye concerning that whereof ye have no knowledge? Allah knoweth. Ye know not.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Ah! ye are those who fell to disputing (even) in matters of which ye had some knowledge! but why dispute ye in matters of which ye have no knowledge? It is Allah Who knows and ye who know not! 403
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The number of sects among the Jews and Christians shows that they wrangled and disputed even about some of the matters of their own religion, of which they should have had some knowledge. But when they talk of Father Abraham, they are entirely out of court, as he lived before their peculiar systems were evolved.

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3:67
مَا كَانَ إِبْرَٰهِيمُ يَهُودِيًّا وَلَا نَصْرَانِيًّا وَلَـٰكِن كَانَ حَنِيفًا مُّسْلِمًا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ ٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ M a k a na ibr a heemu yahoodiyyan wal a na s r a niyyan wal a kin k a na h aneefan musliman wam a k a na mina almushrikeen a
Abraham was neither a "Jew" nor a "Christian", but was one who turned away from all that is false, having surrendered himself unto God; and he was not of those who ascribe divinity to aught beside Him.
  - Mohammad Asad
Ibrahim was neither a Jew nor a Christian but he was a Muslim, true in faith. He was not one of the mushrikin (who set up partners with Allah).
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Abraham was neither a Jew nor a Christian; he submitted in all uprightness1 and was not a polytheist.
  - Mustafa Khattab

 Linguistically, “Muslim” means “someone who has submitted themselves to Allah.”

Abraham was not a Jew, nor yet a Christian; but he was an upright man who had surrendered (to Allah), and he was not of the idolaters.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Abraham was not a Jew nor yet a Christian but he was true in faith and bowed his will to Allah's (which is Islam) and he joined not gods with Allah. 404
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Cf. ii. 135 and the whole argument in that passage.

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3:68
إِنَّ أَوْلَى ٱلنَّاسِ بِإِبْرَٰهِيمَ لَلَّذِينَ ٱتَّبَعُوهُ وَهَـٰذَا ٱلنَّبِىُّ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ وَلِىُّ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ Inna awl a a l nn a si biibr a heema lalla th eena ittabaAAoohu wah atha a l nnabiyyu wa a lla th eena a manoo wa A ll a hu waliyyu almumineen a
Behold, the people who have the best claim to Abraham are surely those who follow him - as does this Prophet and all who believe [in him] - and God is near unto the believers.
  - Mohammad Asad
Surely the people nearest to Ibrahim are those who follow him, which are this Prophet (Muhammad) and those who believe with him; Allah is the Protector of only those who are the believers.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Indeed, those who have the best claim to Abraham are his followers, this Prophet,1 and the believers. And Allah is the Guardian of those who believe.
  - Mustafa Khattab

 Muḥammad (ﷺ).

Lo! those of mankind who have the best claim to Abraham are those who followed him, and this Prophet and those who believe (with him); and Allah is the Protecting Friend of the believers.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Without doubt among men the nearest of kin to Abraham are those who follow him as are also this Apostle and those who believe; and Allah is the Protector of those who have faith.
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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3:69
وَدَّت طَّآئِفَةٌ مِّنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ لَوْ يُضِلُّونَكُمْ وَمَا يُضِلُّونَ إِلَّآ أَنفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ Waddat ta ifatun min ahli alkit a bi law yu d illoonakum wam a yu d illoona ill a anfusahum wam a yashAAuroon a
Some of the followers of earlier revelation would love to lead you astray: yet none do they lead astray but themselves, and perceive it not.
  - Mohammad Asad
Some of the People of the Book want to mislead you; but they mislead none except themselves, though they do not realize it.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Some of the People of the Book wish to mislead you 'believers'. They mislead none but themselves, yet they fail to perceive it.
  - Mustafa Khattab
A party of the people of the Scripture long to make you go astray; and they make none to go astray except themselves, but they perceive not.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
It is the wish of a section of the People of the Book to lead you astray. But they shall lead astray (not you) but themselves and they do not perceive!
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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3:70
يَـٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ لِمَ تَكْفُرُونَ بِـَٔايَـٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَأَنتُمْ تَشْهَدُونَ Y a ahla alkit a bi lima takfuroona bi a y a ti All a hi waantum tashhadoon a
O followers of earlier revelation! Why do you deny the truth of God's messages to which you yourselves bear witness?53
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "when you [yourselves] bear witness": an allusion to the Biblical prophecies relating to the coming of the Prophet Muhammad.

O People of the Book! Why you deny the revelations of Allah while you know that they are true?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
O People of the Book! Why do you reject the signs of Allah while you bear witness 'to their truth'?
  - Mustafa Khattab
O People of the Scripture! Why disbelieve ye in the revelations of Allah, when ye (yourselves) bear witness (to the truth) ?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Ye People of the Book! Why reject ye the Signs of Allah of which ye are (yourselves) witnesses?
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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