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Surah 43. Az-Zukhruf

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43:56
فَجَعَلْنَـٰهُمْ سَلَفًا وَمَثَلًا لِّلْـَٔاخِرِينَ FajaAAaln a hum salafan wamathalan lil a khireen a
and so We made them a thing of the past, and an example to those who would come after them.
  - Mohammad Asad
and made them a lesson and an example for the later generations.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And We made them an example and a lesson for those after them.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And We made them a thing past, and an example for those after (them).
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And We made them (a people) of the Past and an Example to later ages. 4658
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Pharaoh and his hosts were blotted out, and became as a tale of the past. Their story is an instructive warning and example to future generations.

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43:57
وَلَمَّا ضُرِبَ ٱبْنُ مَرْيَمَ مَثَلًا إِذَا قَوْمُكَ مِنْهُ يَصِدُّونَ Walamm a d uriba ibnu maryama mathalan i tha qawmuka minhu ya s iddoon a
NOW WHENEVER [the nature of] the son of Mary is set forth as an example, [O Muhammad,] lo! thy people raise an outcry on this score,
  - Mohammad Asad
When Maryam's son Isa (Jesus) is quoted as an example, your people raise a clamor at it,
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
When the son of Mary was cited as an example 'in argument', your people 'O Prophet' broke into 'joyful' applause.1
  - Mustafa Khattab

 When 21:98 was revealed, warning the polytheists that all false gods will be in Hell, ’Abdullâh ibn Az-Ziba’ra, a poet who always attacked Islam, argued with the Prophet (ﷺ) that if what the verse says is true, then Jesus will be in Hell as well! The polytheists, who were present, laughed in agreement with this argument. The Prophet (ﷺ) replied that the verse was talking exclusively about idols, adding that Jesus himself did not ask anyone to worship him. Verse 21:101 was later revealed in support of the Prophet’s argument. Eventually, ’Abdullâh accepted Islam.

And when the son of Mary is quoted as an example, behold! the folk laugh out,
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
When (Jesus) the son of Mary is held up as an example behold thy people raise a clamor there at (in ridicule)! 4659
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Jesus was a man, and a prophet to the Children of Israel, "though his own received him not." Some of the churches that were founded after him worshipped him as "God" and as "the son of God", as do the Trinitarian churches to the present day. The orthodox churches did so in the time of the holy Prophet. When the doctrine of Unity was renewed, and the false worship of others besides Allah was strictly prohibited, all false gods were condemned, e.g., at xxi. 98. The pagan Arabs looked upon Jesus as being in the same category as their false gods, and could not see why a foreign cult, or a foreign god, as they viewed him, should be considered better than their own gods or idols. There was no substance in this, but mere mockery, and verbal quibbling. Jesus was one of the greater prophets: he was not a god, nor was he responsible for the quibbling subtleties of the Athanasian Creed.

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43:58
وَقَالُوٓا۟ ءَأَـٰلِهَتُنَا خَيْرٌ أَمْ هُوَ ۚ مَا ضَرَبُوهُ لَكَ إِلَّا جَدَلًۢا ۚ بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ خَصِمُونَ Waq a loo a a lihatun a khayrun am huwa m a d araboohu laka ill a jadalan bal hum qawmun kha s imoon a
and say, "Which is better - our deities or he?"45 [But] it is only in the spirit of dispute that they put this comparison before thee: yea, they are contentious folk!46
  - Mohammad Asad

Objecting to the Qur'anic condemnation of their idolatrous worship of angels - whom they describe here as "our deities" - the pagan Quraysh pointed to the parallel Christian worship of Jesus as "the son of God", and even as "God incarnate", and argued more or less thus: "The Qur'an states that Jesus was purely human - and yet the Christians, whom the same Qur'an describes as 'followers of earlier revelation' (ahl al-kitab), consider him divine. Hence, are we not rather justified in our worshipping angels, who are certainly superior to a mere human being?" The fallacy inherent in this "argument" is disposed of in the sequence.

Since the Qur'an condemns explicitly, and in many places, the deification of Jesus by the Christians, this unwarranted deification cannot be used as an argument in favour of the pagan worship of angels and, thus, against the Qur'an: in the words of Zamakhshari, such an argument amounts to "applying a false analogy to a false proposition" (qiyas basil bi-batil).

and say: "Are Our gods better or is he?" They cite this to you merely to provoke you. They are but a quarrelsome people.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
They exclaimed, 'Which is better: our gods or Jesus?' They cite him only to argue. In fact, they are a people prone to dispute.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And say: Are our gods better, or is he? They raise not the objection save for argument. Nay! but they are a contentious folk.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And they say " Are Our gods best or He?" This they set forth to thee only by way of disputation: yea they are a contentious people.
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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43:59
إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا عَبْدٌ أَنْعَمْنَا عَلَيْهِ وَجَعَلْنَـٰهُ مَثَلًا لِّبَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ In huwa ill a AAabdun anAAamn a AAalayhi wajaAAaln a hu mathalan libanee isr a eel a
[As for Jesus,] he was nothing but [a human being -] a servant [of Ours] whom We had graced [with prophethood], and whom We made an example for the children of Israel.
  - Mohammad Asad
He (Jesus) was no more than a mortal whom We favored and made an example to the children of Israel.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
He was only a servant We showed favour to, and made as an example for the Children of Israel.
  - Mustafa Khattab
He is nothing but a slave on whom We bestowed favor, and We made him a pattern for the Children of Israel.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
He was no more than a servant: We granted Our favor to him and We made him an example to the Children of Israel. 4660
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

A reference to the limited mission of the prophet Jesus, whose Gospel to the Jews only survives in uncertain fragmentary forms.

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43:60
وَلَوْ نَشَآءُ لَجَعَلْنَا مِنكُم مَّلَـٰٓئِكَةً فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ يَخْلُفُونَ Walaw nash a o lajaAAaln a minkum mal a ikatan fee alar d i yakhlufoon a
And had We so willed, [O you who worship angels,] We could indeed have made you into angels succeeding one another on earth!47
  - Mohammad Asad

Implying not only that Jesus was not a supernatural being, but that the angels, too, are mere created beings finite in their existence - as indicated by the phrase "succeeding one another" - and, therefore, utterly removed from the status of divinity (Baydawi).

Had it been Our will, We could create angels from you to succeed you in the earth.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Had We willed, We could have easily replaced you 'all' with angels,1 succeeding one another on earth.
  - Mustafa Khattab

 Or “We could have easily produced angels from you …”

And had We willed We could have set among you angels to be viceroys in the earth.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And if it were Our Will We could make angels from amongst you succeeding each other on the earth. 4661
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

If it were said that the birth of Jesus without a father sets him above other prophets, the creation of angels without either father or mother would set them still higher, especially as angels do not eat and drink and are not subject to physical laws. But angels are not higher.

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43:61
وَإِنَّهُۥ لَعِلْمٌ لِّلسَّاعَةِ فَلَا تَمْتَرُنَّ بِهَا وَٱتَّبِعُونِ ۚ هَـٰذَا صِرَٰطٌ مُّسْتَقِيمٌ Wainnahu laAAilmun li l ss a AAati fal a tamtarunna bih a wa i ttabiAAooni h atha s ir at un mustaqeem un
AND, BEHOLD, this [divine writ] is indeed a means to know [that] the Last Hour [is bound to come];48 hence, have no doubt whatever about it, but follow Me: this [alone] is a straight way.
  - Mohammad Asad

Whereas most of the commentators regard the pronoun hu in innahu as relating to Jesus and, consequently, interpret the above phrase as "he is indeed a means to know [i.e., an indication of the coming of] the Last Hour", some authorities - e.g., Qatadah, Al-Hasan al-Basri and Sa'id ibn Jubayr (all of them quoted by Tabari, Baghawi and Ibn Kathir) - relate the pronoun to the Qur'an, and understand the phrase in the sense adopted in my rendering. The specific mention of the Last Hour in the above context is meant to stress man's ultimate responsibility before the Creator and, therefore, the fact that worship is due to Him alone: and so this parenthetic passage follows logically upon the mention of the false deification of Jesus.

He (Jesus) is, in fact, a sign for the coming of the Hour of Doom. Therefore, have no doubt about its coming, follow me; this is the Right Way.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And his 'second' coming is truly a sign for the Hour. So have no doubt about it, and follow me. This is the Straight Path.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And lo! verily there is knowledge of the Hour. So doubt ye not concerning it, but follow Me. This is the right path.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And (Jesus) shall be a Sign (for the coming of) the Hour (of Judgment): therefore have no doubt about the (Hour) but follow ye Me: this is a Straight Way. 4662
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

This is understood to refer to the second coming of Jesus in the Last Days before the Resurrection, when he will destroy the false doctrines that pass under his name, and prepare the way for the universal acceptance of Islam, the Gospel of Unity and Peace, the Straight Way of the Qur-an.

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43:62
وَلَا يَصُدَّنَّكُمُ ٱلشَّيْطَـٰنُ ۖ إِنَّهُۥ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُّبِينٌ Wal a ya s uddannakumu a l shshay ta nu innahu lakum AAaduwwun mubeen un
And let not Satan bar you [from it] - for, verily, he is your open foe!
  - Mohammad Asad
Let not shaitan mislead you, for he is your open enemy.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And do not let Satan hinder you, 'for' he is certainly your sworn enemy.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And let not Satan turn you aside. Lo! he is an open enemy for you.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Let not the Evil One hinder you: for he is to you an enemy avowed.
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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43:63
وَلَمَّا جَآءَ عِيسَىٰ بِٱلْبَيِّنَـٰتِ قَالَ قَدْ جِئْتُكُم بِٱلْحِكْمَةِ وَلِأُبَيِّنَ لَكُم بَعْضَ ٱلَّذِى تَخْتَلِفُونَ فِيهِ ۖ فَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ Walamm a j a a AAees a bi a lbayyin a ti q a la qad jitukum bi a l h ikmati waliobayyina lakum baAA d a alla th ee takhtalifoona feehi fa i ttaqoo All a ha waa t eeAAoon i
NOW WHEN Jesus came [to his people] with all evidence of the truth, he said: "I have now come unto you with wisdom,49 and to make clear unto you some of that on which you are at variance:50 hence, be conscious of God, and pay heed unto me.
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., with divine revelation.

According to Tabari, the restrictive allusion to "some of that . . .", etc., bears on the realm of faith and morals alone, since it was not a part of Jesus' mission to deal with problems of his people's worldly life. This observation coincides with the image of Jesus forthcoming from the (admittedly fragmentary) description of his teachings available to us in the Synoptic Gospels.

When Isa (Jesus) came with clear signs, he stated: "I have brought you wisdom, and to clarify some of those things about which you have disputes: so fear Allah and obey me.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
When Jesus came with clear proofs, he declared, 'I have come to you with wisdom, and to clarify to you some of what you differ about. So fear Allah, and obey me.
  - Mustafa Khattab
When Jesus came with clear proofs (of Allah's sovereignty), he said: I have come unto you with wisdom, and to make plain some of that concerning which ye differ. So keep your duty to Allah, and obey me.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
When Jesus came with Clear Signs he said: "Now have I come to you with Wisdom and in order to make clear to you some of the (points) on which ye dispute: therefore fear Allah and obey me. 4663
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

True wisdom consists in understanding the unity of the Divine purpose and the Unity of the Divine Personality. The man Jesus came to reconcile the jarring sects in Israel, and his true teaching was just the same as that which was expounded in a wider form by Islam. He did not claim to be God: why should not the Christians follow the doctrine of Unity rather than what has become their ancestral and traditional custom?

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43:64
إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ هُوَ رَبِّى وَرَبُّكُمْ فَٱعْبُدُوهُ ۚ هَـٰذَا صِرَٰطٌ مُّسْتَقِيمٌ Inna All a ha huwa rabbee warabbukum fa o AAbudoohu h atha s ir at un mustaqeem un
"Verily, God is my Sustainer as well as your Sustainer; so worship [none but] Him: this [alone] is a straight way!"
  - Mohammad Asad
Surely it is Allah Who is my Rabb and your Rabb, so worship Him. This is the Right Way."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Surely Allah 'alone' is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him 'alone'. This is the Straight Path.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
Lo! Allah, He is my Lord and your Lord. So worship Him. This is a right path.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
"For Allah; He is my Lord and your Lord: so worship ye Him: this is a Straight Way." 4664
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

In verses 26-28 an appeal is made to the pagan Arabs, that Islam is their own religion, the religion of Abraham their ancestor; in verses 46-54, an appeal is made to the Jews that Islam is the same religion as was taught by Moses, and that they should not allow their leaders to make fools of them; in verses 57-65 an appeal is made to the Christians that Islam is the same religion as was taught by Jesus, and that they should give up their sectarian attitude and follow the universal religion, which shows the Straight Way.

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43:65
فَٱخْتَلَفَ ٱلْأَحْزَابُ مِنۢ بَيْنِهِمْ ۖ فَوَيْلٌ لِّلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا۟ مِنْ عَذَابِ يَوْمٍ أَلِيمٍ Fa i khtalafa ala h z a bu min baynihim fawaylun lilla th eena th alamoo min AAa tha bi yawmin aleem in
But factions from among those [who came after Jesus] began to hold divergent views:51 woe, then, unto those who are bent on evildoing - [woe] for the suffering [that will befall them] on a grievous Day!
  - Mohammad Asad

Sc., regarding the nature of Jesus and the inadmissibility of worshipping anyone but God: an allusion to subsequent developments in Christianity.

Inspite of these teachings, the factions disagreed among themselves; so woe to the wrongdoers from the punishment of a painful Day.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Yet their 'various' groups have differed among themselves 'about him', so woe to the wrongdoers when they face the torment of a painful Day!
  - Mustafa Khattab
But the factions among them differed. Then woe unto those who do wrong from the doom of a painful day.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
But sects from among themselves fell into disagreement: then woe to the wrongdoers from the Penalty of a Grievous Day!
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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43:66
هَلْ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَّا ٱلسَّاعَةَ أَن تَأْتِيَهُم بَغْتَةً وَهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ Hal yan th uroona ill a a l ss a AAata an tatiyahum baghtatan wahum l a yashAAuroon a
ARE THEY [who are lost in sin] but waiting for the Last Hour - [waiting] that it come upon them of a sudden, without their being aware [of its approach]?
  - Mohammad Asad
Are they waiting for the Hour of Doom that it should come on them all of a sudden, without warning?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Are they waiting for the Hour to take them by surprise when they least expect 'it'?
  - Mustafa Khattab
Await they aught save the Hour, that it shall come upon them suddenly, when they know not?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Do they only wait for the Hour that it should come on them all of a sudden while they perceive not? 4665
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Cf. xii. 107. What is there to wait for? The Hour of Judgment may come at any moment. It will come all of a sudden before they realise that it is on them. They should make up their minds to give up misleading disputations and come to the Straight Path.

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43:67
ٱلْأَخِلَّآءُ يَوْمَئِذٍۭ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ إِلَّا ٱلْمُتَّقِينَ Alakhill a o yawmai th in baAA d uhum libaAA d in AAaduwwun ill a almuttaqeen a
On that Day, [erstwhile] friends will be foes unto one another52 - [all] save the God-conscious.
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., they will hate one another - those who realize that they have been led astray by their erstwhile friends, and the latter, because they see that they will be held responsible for the sins of those whom they have led astray.

On that Day, even friends will become enemies to one another with the exception of the righteous people.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Close friends will be enemies to one another on that Day, except the righteous,
  - Mustafa Khattab
Friends on that day will be foes one to another, save those who kept their duty (to Allah).
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Friends on that Day will be foes one to another except the Righteous. 4666
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The hatred and spite, which are associated with evil, will be felt with peculiar intensity in that period of agony. That itself would be a punishment, from which the righteous will be free. The righteous will have passed all perils of falling into wrong frames of mind.

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43:68
يَـٰعِبَادِ لَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْكُمُ ٱلْيَوْمَ وَلَآ أَنتُمْ تَحْزَنُونَ Y a AAib a di l a khawfun AAalaykumu alyawma wal a antum ta h zanoon a
[And God will say:] "O you servants of Mine! No fear need you have today, and neither shall you grieve -
  - Mohammad Asad
"O My devotees! Today you have nothing to fear or to regret,"
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
'who will be told,' 'O My servants! There is no fear for you Today, nor will you grieve-
  - Mustafa Khattab
O My slaves! For you there is no fear this day, nor is it ye who grieve;
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
My devotees! no fear shall be on you that Day nor shall ye grieve 4667
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The devotion and service to Allah result in the soul being made free from all fear and sorrow, as regards the past, present, and future, if we may take an anology from Time for a timeless state. Such devotion and service are shown by (1) believing in Allah's Signs, which means understanding and accepting His Will, and (2) by merging our will completely in His universal Will, which means being in tune with the Infinite, and acting in all things to further His Kingdom.

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43:69
ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ بِـَٔايَـٰتِنَا وَكَانُوا۟ مُسْلِمِينَ Alla th eena a manoo bi a y a tin a wak a noo muslimeen a
[O you] who have attained to faith in Our messages and have surrendered your own selves unto Us!
  - Mohammad Asad
will be said to those who believed in Our revelations and became Muslims,
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
'those' who believed in Our signs and 'fully' submitted 'to Us'.
  - Mustafa Khattab
(Ye) who believed Our revelations and were self-surrendered,
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
(Being) those who have believed in Our Signs and bowed (their wills to Ours) in Islam.
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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43:70
ٱدْخُلُوا۟ ٱلْجَنَّةَ أَنتُمْ وَأَزْوَٰجُكُمْ تُحْبَرُونَ Odkhuloo aljannata antum waazw a jukum tu h baroon a
Enter paradise, you and your spouses, with happiness blest!"
  - Mohammad Asad
"Enter paradise, you and your spouses; you will be made happy."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Enter Paradise, you and your spouses, rejoicing.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
Enter the Garden, ye and your wives, to be made glad.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Enter ye the Garden ye and your wives in (beauty and) rejoicing. 4668
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The Garden is the type of all that is beautiful to eye, mind, and soul, all that is restful and in tune, a complete state of bliss, such as we can scarcely conceive of in this troubled world. Several metaphors indicate how we can try to picture that bliss to ourselves in "this muddy vesture of decay."

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Az-Zukhruf

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