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Surah 45. Al-Jathiya

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
Bismi All a hi a l rra h m a ni a l rra h eem i
IN THE NAME OF GOD, THE MOST GRACIOUS, THE DISPENSER OF GRACE:1
  - Mohammad Asad

According to most of the authorities, this invocation (which occurs at the beginning of every surah with the exception of surah 9) constitutes an integral part of "The Opening" and is, therefore, numbered as verse {1}. In all other instances, the invocation "in the name of God" precedes the surah as such, and is not counted among its verses. - Both the divine epithets rahman and rahim are derived from the noun rahmah, which signifies "mercy", "compassion", "loving tenderness" and, more comprehensively, "grace". From the very earliest times, Islamic scholars have endeavoured to define the exact shades of meaning which differentiate the two terms. The best and simplest of these explanations is undoubtedly the one advanced by Ibn al-Qayyim (as quoted in Manar I,48): the term rahman circumscribes the quality of abounding grace inherent in, and inseparable from, the concept of God's Being, whereas rahim expresses the manifestation of that grace in, and its effect upon, His creation - in other words, an aspect of His activity.

In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
In the Name of Allah- the Most Compassionate, Most Merciful.
  - Mustafa Khattab
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
In the name of Allah Most Gracious Most Merciful. 19
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The Arabic words "Rahman" and "Rahim" translated "Most Gracious" and "Most Merciful" are both intensive forms referring to different aspects of God's attribute of Mercy. The Arabic intensive is more suited to express God's attributes than the superlative degree in English. The latter implies a comparison with other beings, or with other times or places, while there is no being like unto God, and He is independent of Time and Place. Mercy may imply pity, long-suffering, patience, and forgiveness, all of which the sinner needs and God Most Merciful bestows in abundant measure. But there is a Mercy that goes before even the need arises, the Grace which is ever watchful, and flows from God Most Gracious to all His creatures, protecting the, preserving them, guiding them, and leading them to clearer light and higher life. For this reason the attribute Rahman (Most Gracious) is not applied to any but God, but the attribute Rahim (Merciful), is a general term, and may also be applied to Men. To make us contemplate these boundless gifts of God, the formula: "In the name of God Most Gracious, Most Merciful": is placed before every Sura of the Qur-an (except the ninth), and repeated at the beginning of every act by the Muslim who dedicates his life to God, and whose hope is in His Mercy.

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45:1
حمٓ Ha meem
Ha. Mim.1
  - Mohammad Asad

See Appendix II.

Ha M'im.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Ha-Mim.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Ha.Mim.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Ha Mim. 4735
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

See Introduction to S. xi.

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45:2
تَنزِيلُ ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْعَزِيزِ ٱلْحَكِيمِ Tanzeelu alkit a bi mina All a hi alAAazeezi al h akeem i
THE BESTOWAL from on high of this divine writ issues from God, the Almighty, the Wise.
  - Mohammad Asad
This Book is revealed from Allah, the All-Mighty, the All-Wise.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
The revelation of this Book is from Allah- the Almighty, All-Wise.
  - Mustafa Khattab
The revelation of the Scripture is from Allah, the Mighty, the Wise.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
The revelation of the Book is from Allah the Exalted in power Full of Wisdom. 4736
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

This verse is the same as xl. 2, except that "wisdom" is here substituted in the last line for "knowledge". This is appropriate, as in this Sura we are dealing with the folly of those who reject Allah and His Signs, while S. xl. dealt with the individual soul's witness to Faith and Virtue.

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45:3
إِنَّ فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ لَـَٔايَـٰتٍ لِّلْمُؤْمِنِينَ Inna fee a l ssam a w a ti wa a lar d i la a y a tin lilmumineen a
Behold, in the heavens as well as on earth there are indeed messages for all who [are willing to] believe.2
  - Mohammad Asad

Cf. 2:164 , where the term ayat has been rendered by me in the same way, inasmuch as those visible signs of a consciously creative Power convey a spiritual message to man.

Surely in the heavens and the earth there are signs for the true believers.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Surely in 'the creation of' the heavens and the earth are signs for the believers.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Lo! in the heavens and the earth are portents for believers.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Verily in the heavens and the earth are Signs for those who believe. 4737
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Verses 3-5 deal with some of the points in the noble argument in ii. 164, but again there are differences on account of the different context. Note that here the argument is divided into three parts, one in each verse. (1) In verse 3 we are dealing with big Signs external to ourselves, some of which are far beyond our personal experiences: for them we require Faith: they are Signs "for those who believe." For the other two see the next two notes.

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45:4
وَفِى خَلْقِكُمْ وَمَا يَبُثُّ مِن دَآبَّةٍ ءَايَـٰتٌ لِّقَوْمٍ يُوقِنُونَ Wafee khalqikum wam a yabuththu min d a bbatin a y a tun liqawmin yooqinoon a
And in your own nature, and in [that of] all the animals which He scatters [over the earth] there are messages for people who are endowed with inner certainty.3
  - Mohammad Asad

Cf. 7:185 and the corresponding note [151]. - The intricate structure of human and animal bodies, and the life-preserving instincts with which all living creatures have been endowed, make it virtually impossible to assume that all this has developed "by accident"; and if we assume, as we must, that a creative purpose underlies this development, we must conclude, too, that it has been willed by a conscious Power which creates all natural phenomena "in accordance with an inner truth" (see note [11] on 10:5 ).

and in your own creation and that of animals which are scattered through the earth, there are signs for those who are firm in faith,
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And in your own creation, and whatever living beings He dispersed, are signs for people of sure faith.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And in your creation, and all the beasts that He scattered in the earth, are portents for a folk whose faith is sure.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And in the creation of yourselves and the fact that animals are scattered (through the earth) are Signs for those of assured Faith. 4738
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

(2) These Signs are in our own nature and in the animals we meet with every day; here we have certainty within human limits: these are "for those of assured Faith".

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45:5
وَٱخْتِلَـٰفِ ٱلَّيْلِ وَٱلنَّهَارِ وَمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مِن رِّزْقٍ فَأَحْيَا بِهِ ٱلْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا وَتَصْرِيفِ ٱلرِّيَـٰحِ ءَايَـٰتٌ لِّقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ Wa i khtil a fi allayli wa al nnah a ri wam a anzala All a hu mina a l ssam a i min rizqin faa h y a bihi alar d a baAAda mawtih a wata s reefi a l rriy ah i a y a tun liqawmin yaAAqiloon a
And in the succession of night and day, and in the means of subsistence4 which God sends down from the skies, giving life thereby to the earth after it had been lifeless, and in the change of the winds: [in all this] there are messages for people who use their reason.
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., rain, with the symbolic connotation of physical and spiritual grace often attached to it in the Qur'an.

and in the alternation of night and day, in the sustenance that Allah sends down from heaven with which He revives the earth after its death and in the changing of the winds, there are signs for those who use their common sense.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And 'in' the alternation of the day and the night, the provision1 sent down from the skies by Allah- reviving the earth after its death- and the shifting of the winds, are signs for people of understanding.
  - Mustafa Khattab

 i.e., rain.

And the difference of night and day and the provision that Allah sendeth down from the sky and thereby quickeneth the earth after her death, and the ordering of the winds, are portents for a people who have sense.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And in the alternation of Night and Day and the fact that Allah sends down Sustenance from the sky and revives therewith the earth after its death and the change of the winds are Signs for those that are wise. 4739 4740
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

(3) These are our daily experiences from external things, but they affect us and our lives intimately: here are questions of deductions "for those that are wise."

"Sustenance" is almost equivalent here to "rain". And "rain" itself, and its revival of a dead earth, refer symbolically to Revelation and its putting new life into a dead soul. Similarly the alternation of Night and Day, and the change of the winds, besides being Signs as wonderful phenomena of Nature, refer to spiritual ignorance and knowledge, rest and activity, and the constant beneficent changes that are going on in the world, making for the spread of the blessing of Allah's Revelation.

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45:6
تِلْكَ ءَايَـٰتُ ٱللَّهِ نَتْلُوهَا عَلَيْكَ بِٱلْحَقِّ ۖ فَبِأَىِّ حَدِيثٍۭ بَعْدَ ٱللَّهِ وَءَايَـٰتِهِۦ يُؤْمِنُونَ Tilka a y a tu All a hi natlooh a AAalayka bi a l h aqqi fabiayyi h adeethin baAAda All a hi wa a y a tihi yuminoon a
These messages of God do We convey unto thee, setting forth the truth. In what other tiding, if not in God's messages,5 will they, then, believe?
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "in what tiding after God and His messages".

These are the revelations of Allah, which We are reciting to you in all truth. Then, in what report will they believe if not Allah and His revelations?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
These are Allah's revelations which We recite to you 'O Prophet' in truth. So what message will they believe in after 'denying' Allah and His revelations?
  - Mustafa Khattab
These are the portents of Allah which We recite unto thee (Muhammad) with truth. Then in what fact, after Allah and His portents, will they believe?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Such are the Signs of Allah which We rehearse to thee in truth: then in what exposition will they believe after (rejecting) Allah and His Signs? 4741
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

If there are any to whom the Signs from Nature, from within their own heart and conscience, and from the voice of Revelation, are not enough to convince them, what possible kind of exposition will they accept?

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45:7
وَيْلٌ لِّكُلِّ أَفَّاكٍ أَثِيمٍ Waylun likulli aff a kin atheem in
Woe unto every sinful self-deceiver6
  - Mohammad Asad
Woe to each lying sinner
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Woe to every sinful liar.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Woe unto each sinful liar,
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Woe to each sinful Dealer in Falsehoods: 4742
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

A soul so dead, as described in the last note, is indeed wretched. It will resort to falsehoods, in worship, in conduct, and in its attitude towards Allah. It will be obstinate, and pretend to be 'above such things'. It will hear the most beautiful Message but not profit by it. The loss or punishment is its own, and grievous it is!

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45:8
يَسْمَعُ ءَايَـٰتِ ٱللَّهِ تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ يُصِرُّ مُسْتَكْبِرًا كَأَن لَّمْ يَسْمَعْهَا ۖ فَبَشِّرْهُ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ YasmaAAu a y a ti All a hi tutl a AAalayhi thumma yu s irru mustakbiran kaan lam yasmaAAh a fabashshirhu biAAa tha bin aleem in
who hears God's messages when they are conveyed to him, and yet, as though he had not heard them, persists in his haughty disdain! Hence, announce unto him grievous suffering -
  - Mohammad Asad
before whom the revelations of Allah are recited: he hears them, yet he arrogantly persists as though he never heard them; announce to him a painful punishment.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
They hear Allah's revelations recited to them, then persist 'in denial' arrogantly as if they did not hear them. So give them good news of a painful punishment.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Who heareth the revelations of Allah receive unto him, and then continueth in pride as though he heard them not. Give him tidings of a painful doom.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
He hears the Signs of Allah rehearsed to him yet is obstinate and lofty as if he had not heard them: then announce to him a Penalty Grievous!
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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45:9
وَإِذَا عَلِمَ مِنْ ءَايَـٰتِنَا شَيْـًٔا ٱتَّخَذَهَا هُزُوًا ۚ أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌ Wai tha AAalima min a y a tin a shayan ittakha th ah a huzuwan ol a ika lahum AAa tha bun muheen un
for when he does become aware of any of Our messages, he makes them a target of his mockery! For all such there is shameful suffering in store.
  - Mohammad Asad
And when something of Our revelations come to his knowledge, he takes them as a joke; for all such people there will be a humiliating punishment.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And whenever they learn anything of Our revelations, they make a mockery of it. It is they who will suffer a humiliating punishment.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And when he knoweth aught of Our revelations he maketh it a jest. For such there is a shameful doom.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And when he learns something of Our Signs he takes them in jest: for such there will be a humiliating Penalty. 4743
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Note that in each of the verses 8-11 the Penalty is characterised by a certain description, which accords with the crime. (1) In verse 8, the man is arrogant about the Signs of Allah's love and care all around him, and his Penalty is "grievous". (2) In verse 9, he ridicules Allah's Signs, and his Penalty is "humiliating": he makes himself a ridiculous fool, (3) and (4) are described in the two following notes.

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45:10
مِّن وَرَآئِهِمْ جَهَنَّمُ ۖ وَلَا يُغْنِى عَنْهُم مَّا كَسَبُوا۟ شَيْـًٔا وَلَا مَا ٱتَّخَذُوا۟ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ أَوْلِيَآءَ ۖ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ Min war a ihim jahannamu wal a yughnee AAanhum m a kasaboo shayan wal a m a ittakha th oo min dooni All a hi awliy a a walahum AAa tha bun AAa th eem un
Hell is ahead of them; and all that they may have gained [in this world] shall be of no avail whatever to them, and neither shall any of those things which, instead of God, they have come to regard as their protectors:7
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., anything to which they may attribute a quasi-divine influence on their lives, whether it be false deities or false values, e.g., wealth, power, social status, etc.

Beyond them there lies hell, and nothing of what they have earned in this world will be of any benefit to them, nor those whom they have taken as their protectors besides Allah, and they shall have grievous punishment.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Awaiting them is Hell. Their 'worldly' gains will not be of any benefit to them whatsoever, nor will those protectors they have taken besides Allah. And they will suffer a tremendous punishment.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Beyond them there is hell, and that which they have earned will naught avail them, nor those whom they have chosen for protecting friends beside Allah. Theirs will be an awful doom.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
In front of them is Hell: and of no profit to them is anything they may have earned nor any protectors they may have taken to themselves besides Allah: for them is a tremendous Penalty. 4744
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

(3) In verse 10 the sinner has piled up the good things of this life, and thinks he has got plenty of helpers and protectors, but all these things are of no use. On the contrary, his Penalty will be "tremendous", to correspond with the great pains which he has taken to multiply the gods of his worship.

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