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Surah 38. Sad

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38:51
مُتَّكِـِٔينَ فِيهَا يَدْعُونَ فِيهَا بِفَـٰكِهَةٍ كَثِيرَةٍ وَشَرَابٍ Muttakieena feeh a yadAAoona feeh a bif a kihatin katheeratin washar a b in
wherein they will recline, [and] wherein they may [freely] call for many a fruit and drink,
  - Mohammad Asad
They shall recline there, calling for abundant fruit and delicious drinks;
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
There they will recline, calling for abundant fruit and drink.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Wherein, reclining, they call for plenteous fruit and cool drink (that is) therein.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Therein will they recline (at ease); therein can they call (at pleasure) for fruit in abundance and (delicious) drink; 4208
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

See n. 4003 to xxxvi. 57.

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38:52
وَعِندَهُمْ قَـٰصِرَٰتُ ٱلطَّرْفِ أَتْرَابٌ WaAAindahum q as ir a tu a l tt arfi atr a b un
having beside them well-matched mates of modest gaze.46
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "such as restrain their gaze", i.e., are of modest bearing and have eyes only for their mates (Razi). This allegorical reference to the delights of paradise occurs in the Qur'an three times (apart from the above instance, which is chronologically the earliest, in 37:48 and 55:56 as well). As an allegory, this phrase evidently applies to the righteous of both sexes, who in the life to come will be rejoined with those whom they loved and by whom they were loved in this world: for, "God has promised the believers, both men and women, gardens through which running waters flow, therein to abide, and goodly dwellings in gardens of perpetual bliss" ( 9:72 ); and, "anyone - be it man or woman - who does [whatever he can] of good deeds and is a believer withal, shall enter paradise" ( 4:124 , with similar statements in 16:97 and 40:40 ). Finally, we are told in 36:56 that in this paradise "will they and their spouses on couches recline" - i.e., will find peace and inner fulfilment with and in one another. (For an explanation of the term atrab rendered by me as "well-matched", see note [15] on 56:38 .)

and beside them there shall be bashful virgin companions of equal age.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And with them will be maidens of modest gaze and equal age.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And with them are those of modest gaze, companions.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And beside them will be chaste women restraining their glances (companions) of equal age. 4209 4210
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Cf. xxxvii. 48 and n. 4064, and xxxvi. 56, n. 4002. As we conceive happiness in this life, it is not complete if it is only solitary. How we hanker after some one who can share in our highest joy! That feeling is also figured here.

To make the social happiness complete, we want companionship of equal age. Age and youth cannot be happy together. It is not suggested that in the Timeless state figured here, there will be old age; but if it is possible to conceive of temperamental differences then, the company will be so arranged that it will be congenial. Or we can accept the type of youth and freshness as common to all in that happy state.

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38:53
هَـٰذَا مَا تُوعَدُونَ لِيَوْمِ ٱلْحِسَابِ H atha m a tooAAadoona liyawmi al h is a b i
This is what you are promised for the Day of Reckoning:
  - Mohammad Asad
These are the things which you are being promised on the Day of Reckoning;
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
This is what you are promised for the Day of Reckoning.
  - Mustafa Khattab
This it is that ye are promised for the Day of Reckoning.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Such is the promise made to you for the Day of Account!
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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38:54
إِنَّ هَـٰذَا لَرِزْقُنَا مَا لَهُۥ مِن نَّفَادٍ Inna h atha larizqun a m a lahu min naf a d in
this, verily, shall be Our provision [for you], with no end to it!
  - Mohammad Asad
this will be Our provision which will never finish.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
This is indeed Our provision that will never end.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Lo! this in truth is Our provision, which will never waste away.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Truly such will be Our Bounty (to you); it will never fail
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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38:55
هَـٰذَا ۚ وَإِنَّ لِلطَّـٰغِينَ لَشَرَّ مَـَٔابٍ H atha wainna li l tta gheena lasharra ma a b in
All this [for the righteous]: but, verily, the most evil of all goals awaits those who are wont to transgress the bounds of what is right:
  - Mohammad Asad
Such will it be the reward for the righteous. But for the rebellious there will be an evil resort
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
That is that. And the transgressors will certainly have the worst destination:
  - Mustafa Khattab
This (is for the righteous). And lo! for the transgressors there will be an evil journey's end,
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Yea such! But for the wrongdoers will be an evil place of (final) Return! 4211
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

This is in parallel contrast to the state of the Blessed in xxxviii. 49 above.

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38:56
جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَوْنَهَا فَبِئْسَ ٱلْمِهَادُ Jahannama ya s lawnah a fabisa almih a d u
hell will they have to endure - and how vile a resting-place!
  - Mohammad Asad
- hell, that is! In which they will burn - the worst abode.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Hell, where they will burn. What an evil place to rest!
  - Mustafa Khattab
Hell, where they will burn, an evil resting place.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Hell! They will burn therein an evil bed (indeed to lie on)! 4212
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Cf. xiv. 29. This continues the parallel contrast to the state of the Blessed already described.

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38:57
هَـٰذَا فَلْيَذُوقُوهُ حَمِيمٌ وَغَسَّاقٌ H atha falya th ooqoohu h ameemun waghass a q un
This, [then, for them-] so let them taste it: burning despair and ice-cold darkness
  - Mohammad Asad
Such will it be the reward for the wrongdoers. So they will taste scalding water, festering blood (pus)
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Let them then taste this: boiling water and 'oozing' pus,
  - Mustafa Khattab
Here is a boiling and an ice cold draught, so let them taste it,
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Yea such! Then shall they taste it a boiling fluid and a fluid dark murky intensely cold! 4213
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Cf. x. 4, and n. 1390. The conjunction of the boiling fluid with the dark, murky, intensely cold fluid heightenes the effect of the Penalty. In place of harmony, there is the discord of extreme opposites. And the discord is not confined to this: it runs through the whole idea of Hell. See the next verse.

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38:58
وَءَاخَرُ مِن شَكْلِهِۦٓ أَزْوَٰجٌ Wa a kharu min shaklihi azw a j un
and coupled with it, further [suffering] of a similar nature.47
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "of its kind": i.e., corresponding in intensity to what the Qur'an describes as hamim and ghassaq. For my rendering of hamim as "burning despair", see surah {6}, note [62]. The term ghassaq, on the other hand, is derived from the verb ghasaqa, "it became dark" or "intensely dark" (Taj al-'Arus); thus, al-ghasiq denotes "black darkness" and, tropically, "the night" or, rather, "the black night". According to some authorities, the form ghassaq signifies "intense [or "icy"] cold". A combination of these two meanings gives us the concept of the "ice-cold darkness" of the spirit which, together with "burning despair" (hamim), will characterize the suffering of inveterate sinners in the life to come. All other interpretations of the term ghasseq are purely speculative and, therefore, irrelevant.

and other things of the same sort.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
and other torments of the same sort!
  - Mustafa Khattab
And other (torment) of the kind in pairs (the two extremes)!
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And other Penalties of a similar kind to match them!
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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38:59
هَـٰذَا فَوْجٌ مُّقْتَحِمٌ مَّعَكُمْ ۖ لَا مَرْحَبًۢا بِهِمْ ۚ إِنَّهُمْ صَالُوا۟ ٱلنَّارِ H atha fawjun muqta h imun maAAakum l a mar h aban bihim innahum sa loo a l nn a r i
[And they will say to one another: "Do you see] this crowd of people who rushed headlong [into sin] with you?48 No welcome to them! Verily, they [too] shall have to endure the fire!49
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., "people whom you had seduced, and who thereupon blindly followed you": an apostrophe stressing the double responsibility of the seducers.

In Arabic usage, the phrase "no welcome to them" or "to you" (la marhaban bihim, resp. bikum) is equivalent to a curse. In this context - carried on into the next verse - it expresses a mutual disavowal of the seducers and the seduced.

It will be said to the ringleaders; "Here are your troops being thrown headlong with you. They are not welcomed here; for they are going to burn in the hellfire.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
'The misleaders will say to one another,' 'Here is a crowd 'of followers' being thrown in with us. They are not welcome, 'for' they 'too' will burn in the Fire.'1
  - Mustafa Khattab

 Meaning, they are not welcome since their presence in Hell with us will not benefit us in anyway.

Here is an army rushing blindly with you. (Those who are already in the fire say): No word of welcome for them. Lo! they will roast at the Fire.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Here is a troop rushing headlong with you! No welcome for them! Truly they shall burn in the Fire! 4214
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The wonder is that so many people should embrace Evil, and in so much hurry and eagerness! Here they may be welcomed by the leaders of Evil, but in the final state it will be the opposite of welcome. They will be followed with reproaches and curses.

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38:60
قَالُوا۟ بَلْ أَنتُمْ لَا مَرْحَبًۢا بِكُمْ ۖ أَنتُمْ قَدَّمْتُمُوهُ لَنَا ۖ فَبِئْسَ ٱلْقَرَارُ Q a loo bal antum l a mar h aban bikum antum qaddamtumoohu lan a fabisa alqar a r u
[And] they [who had been seduced] will exclaim: "Nay, but it is you! No welcome to you! It is you who have prepared this for us: and how vile a state to abide in!"
  - Mohammad Asad
The followers shall say to their miss guided leaders: "But you! There is no welcome for you either! It was you who have brought us to this end. Such an evil abode."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
The followers will respond, 'No! You are not welcome! You brought this upon us. What an evil place for settlement!'
  - Mustafa Khattab
They say: Nay, but you (misleaders), for you there is no word of welcome. Ye prepared this for us (by your misleading). Now hapless is the plight.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
(The followers shall cry to the misleaders:) "Nay ye (too)! No welcome for you! It is ye who have brought this upon us! Now evil is (this) place to stay in!" 4215
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

It is the nature of Evil to shift the blame on to others. The followers will reproach the leaders, but none can escape personal responsibility for his own acts and deeds!

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38:61
قَالُوا۟ رَبَّنَا مَن قَدَّمَ لَنَا هَـٰذَا فَزِدْهُ عَذَابًا ضِعْفًا فِى ٱلنَّارِ Q a loo rabban a man qaddama lan a h atha fazidhu AAa tha ban d iAAfan fee a l nn a r i
[And] they will pray: "O our Sustainer! Whoever has prepared this for us. double Thou his suffering in the fire!"50
  - Mohammad Asad

Cf. 7:38 (and the corresponding notes [28] and [29]) as well as {33:67-68}.

Then they will pray: "Our Rabb, inflict on those who brought this fate upon us double punishment in the fire."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Adding, 'Our Lord! Whoever brought this upon us, double their punishment in the Fire.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
They say: Our Lord! Whoever did prepare this for Us, oh, give him double portion of the Fire!
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
They will say: "Our Lord! Whoever brought this upon us add to him a double Penalty in the fire!" 4216
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Cf. vii. 38, and n. 1019. See also xi. 20. The evil ones now vent their spite on others. Here they ask for a double penalty for their misleaders, but they forget their own personal responsibility. In the next verse, they express their surprise that others have escaped the torments, which they themselves have earned!

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38:62
وَقَالُوا۟ مَا لَنَا لَا نَرَىٰ رِجَالًا كُنَّا نَعُدُّهُم مِّنَ ٱلْأَشْرَارِ Waq a loo m a lan a l a nar a rij a lan kunn a naAAudduhum mina alashr a r i
And they will add: "How is it that we do not see [here any of the] men whom we were wont to count among the wicked,
  - Mohammad Asad
Then they will say to one another: "But why do we not see those whom we deemed wicked
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
The tyrants will ask 'one another', 'But why do we not see those we considered to be lowly?
  - Mustafa Khattab
And they say: What aileth us that we behold not men whom we were wont to count among the wicked?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And they will say: "What has happened to us that we see not men whom we used to number among the bad ones? 4217
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The bad ones: i.e., the ones whom they (evil ones) ridiculed as fools sure to come to an evil end, because they refused to join in with the evil ones in their plots. The values are now reversed. The good ones are among the Blessed, and are not to be seen in the "Bed of Misery". The ridicule is now against the evil ones.

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38:63
أَتَّخَذْنَـٰهُمْ سِخْرِيًّا أَمْ زَاغَتْ عَنْهُمُ ٱلْأَبْصَـٰرُ Attakha th n a hum sikhriyyan am z a ghat AAanhumu alab sa r u
[and] whom we made the target of our derision?51 Or is it that [they are here, and] our eyes have missed them?"
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., the prophets and the righteous, who - as the Qur'an points out in many places - have always been derided by people enamoured of the life of this world and, therefore, averse to all moral exhortation.

and whom we use to ridicule? Or have our eyesight failed to notice them?"
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Were we wrong in mocking them 'in the world'?1 Or do our eyes 'just' fail to see them 'in the Fire'?'
  - Mustafa Khattab

 In other words, did we underestimate them?

Did we take them (wrongly) for a laughing-stock, or have our eyes missed them?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
"Did we treat them (as such) in ridicule or have (our) eyes failed to perceive them?"
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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38:64
إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ لَحَقٌّ تَخَاصُمُ أَهْلِ ٱلنَّارِ Inna tha lika la h aqqun takh as umu ahli a l nn a r i
Such, behold, will in truth be the [confusion and] mutual wrangling of the people of the fire!
  - Mohammad Asad
Surely, this is the very truth: the people in the hellfire will argue just like that.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
This dispute between the residents of the Fire will certainly come to pass.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Lo! that is very truth: the wrangling of the dwellers in the Fire.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Truly that is just and fitting the mutual recriminations of the People of the Fire! 4218
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The mutual recriminations and spite are themselves a part of the Penalty, for such feelings increase their unhappiness.

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38:65
قُلْ إِنَّمَآ أَنَا۠ مُنذِرٌ ۖ وَمَا مِنْ إِلَـٰهٍ إِلَّا ٱللَّهُ ٱلْوَٰحِدُ ٱلْقَهَّارُ Qul innam a an a mun th irun wam a min il a hin ill a All a hu alw ah idu alqahh a r u
SAY [O Muhammad]: "I am only a warner; and there is no deity whatever save God, the One, who holds absolute sway over all that exists,
  - Mohammad Asad
O Prophet, tell them: "My mission is only as a Warner; there is no divinity except Allah, the One, the Irresistible,
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Say, 'O Prophet,' 'I am only a warner. And there is no god 'worthy of worship' except Allah- the One, the Supreme.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Say (unto them, O Muhammad): I am only a warner, and there is no God save Allah, the One, the Absolute,
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Say: "Truly am I a Warner: no god is there but the One Allah Supreme and Irresistible 4219
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Cf. xii. 39, where Joseph preaches to the men in prison. The one supreme Message of importance to mankind was (and is) the Unity of Allah: that He is the Creator and Sustainer of all: that His Will is supreme; that He can carry out His Will without question, and no powers of Evil can defeat it; and that He forgives by His grace again and again. This Message the holy Prophet came to deliver, and he delivered it.

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