Tirmidhi Book 14, Hadith 1233

حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مَاهَكَ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ، قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ نَهَانِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنْ أَبِيعَ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدِي . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى:‏‏‏‏ وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ إِسْحَاق بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ:‏‏‏‏ قُلْتُ لِأَحْمَدَ:‏‏‏‏ مَا مَعْنَى نَهَى عَنْ سَلَفٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَبَيْعٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ أَنْ يَكُونَ يُقْرِضُهُ قَرْضًا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ يُبَايِعُهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيْعًا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏يَزْدَادُ عَلَيْهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَيَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ يُسْلِفُ إِلَيْهِ فِي شَيْءٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَيَقُولُ:‏‏‏‏ إِنْ لَمْ يَتَهَيَّأْ عِنْدَكَ فَهُوَ بَيْعٌ عَلَيْكَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ إِسْحَاق:‏‏‏‏ يَعْنِي ابْنَ رَاهَوَيْهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏كَمَا قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ قُلْتُ لِأَحْمَدَ:‏‏‏‏ وَعَنْ بَيْعِ مَا لَمْ تَضْمَنْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ لَا يَكُونُ عِنْدِي إِلَّا فِي الطَّعَامِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏مَا لَمْ تَقْبِضْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ إِسْحَاق، ‏‏‏‏‏‏كَمَا قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ فِي كُلِّ مَا يُكَالُ أَوْ يُوزَنُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ أَحْمَدُ:‏‏‏‏ إِذَا قَالَ أَبِيعُكَ هَذَا الثَّوْبَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَعَلَيَّ خِيَاطَتُهُ وَقَصَارَتُهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَهَذَا مِنْ نَحْوِ شَرْطَيْنِ فِي بَيْعٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَإِذَا قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ أَبِيعُكَهُ وَعَلَيَّ خِيَاطَتُهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَوْ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ أَبِيعُكَهُ وَعَلَيَّ قَصَارَتُهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَرْطٌ وَاحِدٌ.

Narrated Hakim b. Hizam: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) prohibited me from selling what was not with me. [Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan. He said: There is something on this topic from 'Abdullah bin 'Umar. Ishaq bin Mansur said: I said to Ahmad: 'What is the meaning of the prohibition from a loan along with a sale? He said: 'That he gives him a loan and then he makes a sale to him greater then it's actual worth. And, it carries the meaning of him loaning it to him in exchange for something (as collateral), so he says: 'If you are unable to pay it (the loan), the it (the collateral) will be a sale for you.' Ishaq [bin Rahuwyah] said as he said. And I said to Ahmad: 'What about selling what one does not possess?' He said: 'To me it does not apply except in cases of food - meaning one has not taken possession of it.' And Ishaq said the same for all of what is measured or weighed. Ahmad said: 'When he says: I will sell you this garment, with the condition that I am the tailor for it, and I am the one who bleaches it.' This is an example of two conditions in one sale. But if he says: I am selling it to you with the condition that I am its tailor, then there is no harm in it. And, if he said: I am selling it to you with the condition that I am the one who bleaches it then there is no harm in it, because this is only one condition.' And Ishaq said as he said.