Tirmidhi Book 47, Hadith 3162
حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي الضُّحَى، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، قَال: سَمِعْتُ خَبَّابَ بْنَ الْأَرَتِّ، يَقُولُ: جِئْتُ الْعَاصِي بْنَ وَائِلٍ السَّهْمِيَّ أَتَقَاضَاهُ حَقًّا لِي عِنْدَهُ، فَقَالَ: لَا أُعْطِيكَ حَتَّى تَكْفُرَ بِمُحَمَّدٍ، فَقُلْتُ: لَا حَتَّى تَمُوتَ ثُمَّ تُبْعَثَ، قَالَ: وَإِنِّي لَمَيِّتٌ ثُمَّ مَبْعُوثٌ ؟ فَقُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ لِي هُنَاكَ مَالًا وَوَلَدًا فَأَقْضِيكَ فَنَزَلَتْ: أَفَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي كَفَرَ بِآيَاتِنَا وَقَالَ لأُوتَيَنَّ مَالا وَوَلَدًا سورة مريم آية 77 الْآيَةَ .
Narrated Masruq: I heard Khabbab bin Al-Aratt saying: 'I came to Al-'As bin Wa'il As-Sahmi to collect a debt he owed me. He said: 'You shall not be given anything until you deny Muhammad.' So I said: 'No, not until you are dead and resurrected.' He said: 'After I die and I am resurrected?' So I said: 'Yes.' So he said: 'I shall indeed have wealth and offspring to repay you with.' So (the following) Ayah was revealed: Have you seen him who disbelieved in Our Ayat and said: I shall certainly be given wealth and children (19:77).'
Qur'anic references:
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"When a person dies, his works end, except for three: ongoing charity, knowledge that is benefited from, and a righteous child who prays for him."
Prophet Mohammed (PBUH)
"The best of what a man leaves behind are three: a righteous child who supplicates for him, ongoing charity the reward of which reaches him, and knowledge that is acted upon after him."
Sunan Ibn Mājah
"Every day two angels come down from Heaven and one of them says, 'O Allah! Compensate every person who spends in Your Cause,' and the other (angel) says, 'O Allah! Destroy every miser.'"
Sahih Bukhari