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وَحَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ - فِيمَا قُرِئَ عَلَيْهِ - عَنْ أَبِى الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ طَاوُسٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- كَانَ يُعَلِّمُهُمْ هَذَا الدُّعَاءَ كَمَا يُعَلِّمُهُمُ السُّورَةَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ يَقُولُ « قُولُوا اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ جَهَنَّمَ وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَسِيحِ الدَّجَّالِ وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيَا وَالْمَمَاتِ ». قَالَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ بَلَغَنِى أَنَّ طَاوُسًا قَالَ لاِبْنِهِ أَدَعَوْتَ بِهَا فِى صَلاَتِكَ فَقَالَ لاَ. قَالَ أَعِدْ صَلاَتَكَ لأَنَّ طَاوُسًا رَوَاهُ عَنْ ثَلاَثَةٍ أَوْ أَرْبَعَةٍ أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ.
It was narrated from Ibn 'Abbas that the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) used to teach them this supplication as he taught them a Surah from the Qur'an. He (s.a.w) said: "Say: Allahumma, inna na'udhu bika min 'adhabi jahannama, wa a'udllu bika min 'adhabil-qabri, wa a'udllu bika min fitnatil-masihid-dajjal wa a'udhu bika min fitnatil-mahya wal-mamati (O Allah, we seek refuge with You from the punishment of Hell, and seek refuge with You from the punishment of the grave, and seek refuge with You from the tribulation of the Dajjal, and seek refuge with You from the trials of life and death.)" Muslim bin Hajjaj said: I heard that Tawus said to his son: "Did you say these words during your prayer?" He said: "No." He said: "Repeat your prayer." Because Tawus narrated it from three or four people.
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"When a person dies, his works end, except for three: ongoing charity, knowledge that is benefited from, and a righteous child who prays for him."
Prophet Mohammed (PBUH)
"The best of what a man leaves behind are three: a righteous child who supplicates for him, ongoing charity the reward of which reaches him, and knowledge that is acted upon after him."
Sunan Ibn Mājah
"Every day two angels come down from Heaven and one of them says, 'O Allah! Compensate every person who spends in Your Cause,' and the other (angel) says, 'O Allah! Destroy every miser.'"
Sahih Bukhari