9th Century (800-899) C.E.

The Aghlabid rule is established in North Africa.

Downfall of the Barmakids. Execution of Jafar Barmki.

Campaigns against the Byzantines. Capture of the islands of Rhodes and Cypress.

Death of Harun ur Rashid. Accession of Amin.

Civil war between Amin and Mamun. Amin killed and Mamun becomes the Caliph.

Shia revolt under Ibn Tuba Tabs.

Shia revolt in Makkah; Harsama quells the revolt. In Spain the Umayyads capture the island of Corsica.

Harsama killed.

The Umayyads of Spain capture the islands of Izira, Majorica, and Sardinia.

Mamun comes to Baghdad.

Tahir establishes the rule of the Tahirids in Khurasan.

Death of AI Hakam in Spain; accession of Abdul Rahman. II.

Death of Tahir in Khurasan. Accession of Talha and his deposition. Accession of Abdullah b Tahir.

Mamun declares the Mutazila creed as the state religion.

Death of Mamun. Accession of Mutasim.

Mutasim shifts the capital to Samarra. 837 Revolt of the Jats.

Revolt of Babek in Azarbaijan suppressed.

Revolt of Maziar in Tabaristan. The Muslims occupy South Italy. Capture of the city of Messina in Sicily.

Death of Mutasim, accession of Wasiq.

Revolts of the Arabs.

Death of Wasiq, accession of Mutawakkil.

Death of the Tahirid ruler Abdullah b Tahir; accession of Tahir II.

Mutawakkil restores orthodoxy.

Death of Abdur Rahman II of Spain;. accession of Muhammad I.

Umar b Abdul Aziz founds the Habbarid rule in Sind.

Mutawakkil founds the town of Jafariya.

Ahmad founds the Samanid rule in Transoxiana.

Murder of the Abbasid Caliph Mutawakkil; accession of Muntasir.

Muntasir poisoned to death; accession of Mutasin.

Zaidi state established in Tabaristan by Hasan b Zaid.

Mutasim flies from Samarra, his depostion and accession of Mutaaz.

Death of Muhammad I the Umayyad ruler of Spain, accession of Munzir. Death of Abdullah b Umar the Habbari ruler of Sind.

Yaqub b Layth founds the Saffarid rule in Sistan.

Ahmad b Tulun founds the Tulunid rule in Egypt.

The Abbasid Caliph Mutaaz forced to abdicate, his death and accession of Muhtadi.

Turks revolt against Muhtadi, his death and accession of Mutamid.

Tahirid rule extinguished.

Zanj revolt in South Iraq. Death of the Samanid ruler Ahmad, accession of Nasr.

Death of Yaqubb Layth in Sistan, accession of Amr b Layth.

Death of Ahmad b Tulun in Egypt, accession of Khamar- wiyiah.

Death of Munzir the Umayyad ruler of Spain, accession of Abbullah.

The Qarmatian state established at Bahrain.

Death of the Samanid ruler Nasr, accession of Ismail.

The Rustamids become the vassals of Spain.

Death of the Tulunid ruler Khamarwiyiah; accession of Abul Asakir Jaish.

Assassination of Abul Asakir Jaish; accession of Abu Musa Harun.

Qarmatians sack Basra,