Complete Salah & Wudu Guide — Prayer Times, Ablution, and Sunnah Practices

Prayer (Salah) — Complete Guide

1. Prayer Times

Prayer is the heartbeat of a Muslim’s daily life. Knowing the correct times ensures each Salah is performed as prescribed.

How Prayer Times Are Determined

Position of the sun
Latitude & longitude
Time zone differences

Five Daily Prayers

Fajr – Starts at dawn
Dhuhr – After the sun passes its zenith
Asr – When an object’s shadow equals or exceeds its height
Maghrib – Just after sunset
Isha – When complete darkness sets in

Why Prayer Times Matter

Strengthens connection with Allah
Builds discipline
Follows the Sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ
Establishes spiritual routine

Tips for Staying Consistent

Use mobile reminders
Sync your masjid timetable
Maintain a dedicated prayer space
Use the Qiblah direction finder

2. How to Pray — Step-by-Step Guide

Step 1 — Preparation

Ensure:

You have performed wudu
Clothes and area are clean
You face the Qiblah
The prayer time has begun

3. Wudu (Ablution) — Step-by-Step

Wudu is the act of washing certain parts of the body in preparation for Salah (prayer). It purifies a Muslim physically and spiritually.

Steps of Wudu (According to the Sunnah)

Intention (Niyyah) — Make an intention in your heart “I am performing wudu for the sake of Allah.” (No verbal statement needed.)
Say “Bismillah” — Begin by saying بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ (“In the name of Allah”)
Wash both hands (3 times) — Wash hands up to the wrists, ensuring water reaches between fingers.
Rinse mouth (3 times) — Take water with your right hand, rinse your mouth thoroughly and spit it out.
Clean nostrils (3 times) — Sniff a small amount of water into the nose using your right hand and blow it out with the left hand.
Wash face (3 times) — From:

Hairline to chin
Ear to ear

Make sure no spot is left dry.

Wash arms up to elbows (3 times) — Wash:

Right arm first
From fingertips to elbows
Then the left arm

Ensure water covers everything, including between fingers.

Wipe head (1 time) — Wet your hands and wipe over:

The entire head from front to back
Then back to the front

This is one movement only.

Wipe ears (1 time) — Use the same wet hands:

Index fingers for inside of ears
Thumbs for outside

Wash feet (3 times) — Start with the right foot:

Wash entire foot up to the ankles
Between the toes
Then left foot

Ensure heels are washed properly.

Dua After Wudu

Ashhadu an la ilaha illAllah, wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan abduhu wa rasuluh.

Optional Sunnah Acts of Wudu

These increase reward but are not mandatory:

Using Miswak
Washing hands before starting
Saying Shahada after finishing:

“Ashhadu an la ilaha illAllah, wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan abduhu wa rasuluh.”

Hadith: Whoever says this after wudu gets all eight gates of Paradise opened for him.
— Sahih Muslim

What Breaks Wudu

Using the bathroom
Deep sleep
Loss of consciousness
Touching private parts with desire (difference of opinion)

4. Starting the Prayer

Takbir: Raise hands and say Allahu Akbar
Place hands on the chest
Recite Surah Al-Fatiha
Recite any short surah

5. Rukūʿ (Bowing)

Say: Subḥāna Rabbiyal-ʿAẓīm (3 times)

6. Sujūd (Prostration)

Say: Subḥāna Rabbiyal-A‘lā (3 times)

7. Tashahhud & Ending the Prayer

Sit down and recite:

At-Tahiyyat
Salawat (Durood)

End Salah by turning right then left:
As-salāmu ʿalaykum wa raḥmatullāh

8. Common Mistakes in Prayer

Rushing
Poor posture
Incomplete wudu
Lack of focus

Sunnah Prayers

Sunnah prayers strengthen faith and complete obligatory prayers.

Daily Sunnah Rawatib

2 before Fajr
4 before Dhuhr, 2 after
2 after Maghrib
2 after Isha

Night Prayers

Tahajjud
Witr

Duha Prayer

Performed between 15 mins after sunrise & midday
A source of blessing (barakah)

Conclusion

Salah is the foundation of a Muslim’s spiritual life. With correct prayer times, proper wudu, mindful recitation, and adherence to Sunnah practices, a believer builds a strong, disciplined, spiritually fulfilling daily routine.