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Campus At Zarud And Sharaf

Home ➜
History ➜
Khalifa Umar ibn al-Khattab ➜
Alim - Islamic software for Quran and Hadith

1. Pre-Islamic Period

>> Family

>> Hadart Umar In The Days Of Ignorance

>> Hadart Umar And Islam

>> Ta Ha

2. Conversion to Isalm

>> Al-Faruq

3. Early Life in Madina

>> Migration From Mecca

>> Early Days In Madina

4. Battle of Badr

>> Battle Of Badr

>> Captives of Badr

>> Umayr Bin Wahb

5. Life in Madina and Early Battles

>> The Call To Prayer

>> When Umar Slew The Men Who Appealed To Him

>> Battle Of Uhud

>> The Man Whom Umar Envied

>> Hafsa

>> The Jews

>> Battle Of The Trench

6. Treaty of Hudaibiya and Mustaliq

>> Treaty Of Hudaibiya

>> Post Hudaibia-Pact Developments

>> Raid On Al-Mustaliq

7. Umar and Women

>> Ayesha and Umar

>> Purdah For Women

8. Battles Before Conquest of Mecca

>> Expedition To Turbah

>> Battle Of Khyber

9. Mecca and Tabuk

>> The Conquest Of Mecca

>> Battle Of Hunain And Taif

>> Expedition To Tabuk

10. Life After the Conquest of Mecca

>> Rumour Of Divorce By The Holy Prophet

>> The Funeral Of Abdullah Bin Ubayy

>> When Gabriel Appeared In The Shape Of A Man

>> Tidings Of Paradise

>> The Farewell Pilgrimage

11. Death of the Holy Prophet

>> Passing Away Of The Holy Prophet

>> Election Of Abu Bakr As The First Caliph

>> Installation Of Abu Bakr As The Caliph

12. Abu Bakr the First Caliph

>> Usamah's Expedition To Syria

>> Defence Of Madina

>> Umar And Khalid Bin Walid

>> Umar As Adviser

>> Abu Bakr And Umar

13. Umar as Caliph

>> Nomination Of Umar As The Caliph

>> Umar's Inaugural Address

>> Umar's Address About His Conduct

>> Amirul Muminin

>> Umar's Allowance

>> Expulsion Of Jews And Christians From Arabia

14. Islamic Actions and Social Mandates

>> Tarawih

>> Umar And The Holy Quran

>> Umar And Mosques

>> The Hijri Calendar

>> Umar And Drinking

>> Slavery

>> Umar's Control Of Sexuality Laxity

>> Satires And Lampoons

>> The Dhimmis

>> Allowances And Stipends For The Muslims

>> Famines

15. Political and Governmental Actions

>> Umar's Criteria For Appointment As Governors

>> Political Administration

>> Land Administration

>> Army

>> Judicial Administration

>> Public Treasury and Coins

>> Public Words

16. Hadith and Fiqh

>> Umar and Hadith

>> Traditions On Religious Matters

>> Traditions Of Ethical Importance

>> Umar and Fiqh

>> Matters About Fiqh

17. Inter-Personal Relations and Interactions

>> The Land Of Fidak

>> Fay

>> Ushr

>> Khums

>> Imra-ul-Qais

>> Nabigha Al-Dhubyani

>> Zuhair Bin Abi-Salma

>> Aghlab and Labid, the Poets

>> When Umar Was Put To Explanation

>> Umar and Self Remorse

>> Friends Who Could Straighten Him

>> The Man Who Came To Murder Became A Convent

>> Criticism Against Umar

>> The Eid Moon

>> Umar's Attitude To Sinners

>> Abu Sufiyan And Umar

>> Umar's Wife Acts As A Midwife

>> Atika Bint Zaid

>> Umm Hakim

>> Umar Marries A Milkmaid To his Son

>> Umar Flogs His Son To Death

>> The Woman Who Pined For Her Husband

>> Umar And His Whip

>> Umar's Care For The Poor

>> Stipends For Children

>> Umar Finds Clue To Murder

>> Jabala Bin Aiham

>> Harat Umar And Nasr B. Hajjaj Alsalmi

>> Punishment For Illicit Love

>> Dismissal Of A Governor For Writing Poetry

>> Saeed Bin Aamir

>> Umair Bin Saad

>> Mugheera Bin Shu'Ba

>> Abdullah Bin Qart

>> Abu Musa Ashari

>> Trial Of Saad Bin Abi Waqas

>> Amr Bin Al Aas

>> Harith Bin Wahb Yashi

>> Qadama Bin Mazaun

>> Dismissal Of Khalid

>> Ayad Bin Ghanam

>> Abu Ubaid As Commander-In-Chief In Iraq

18. Expansion of Islam and Military Campaigns

>> Battle Of Namaraq

>> Battle Of Kasker

>> Battle Of The Bridge

>> Battle Of Buwaib

>> Campaings In South Iraq

>> S'aad Bin Abi Waqas

>> Campus At Zarud And Sharaf

>> To Qadisiyya

>> Adventures Of Taleaha

>> The Muslims Carried The Earth Of Persia

>> Rustam And Muslim Emissaries

>> The Battle of Qadisiyya

>> Battle Of Qadisiyya The Second Day

>> Exploits Of Abu Mihjan

>> Battle Of Qadisiyya The Third Day

>> Battle Of Qadisiyya The Last Day

>> News Of The Muslim Victory Carried To Umar

>> Al-Khansa

>> Battle Of Burs

>> Battle Of Babylon

>> Battle Of Sura And Deirkab

>> Battle Of Kusa

>> Battle Of Bahrseer

>> Capture Of Al-Madain

>> Heirlooms Of Persia

>> Battle Of Takreet And Mosul

>> Battle Of Jalaula

>> Campaigns Of Khaniqeen And Hulwan

>> Conquest Of Masabzan

>> Campaings Of Heet And Qirqassia

>> Kufa, Basra And Mosul

>> Campaign Of Ahwaz

>> Conquest Of Ahwaz And Dauraq

>> Battle Of Tustar

>> Battle Of Sus

>> Battle Of Junde Sabur

>> Hormuzan

>> Persia On The War Path

>> Umar's Call To Arms

>> No'man Bin Muqarrin

>> March To Nihawand

>> Battle Of Nihawand (First Phase)

>> Battle Of Nihawand (Second Phase)

>> Battle Of Hamadan

>> Umar And The Battle Of Nihaqand

>> Conquest Of Isfahan

>> Conquest Of Rayy

>> Conquest Of Tabaristan

>> Conquest Of Khurasan

>> Campaign In Fars

>> Conquest Of Fars And Sistan

>> Conquest Of Azarbaijan

>> Expedition To Armenia

>> Conquest Of Makran

>> Battle Of Bait Lihya

>> Conquest Of Damascus

>> Battle Of The Meadow Of Brocade

>> Deposition Of Khalid

>> The Raid Of Abul Quds

>> Battle Of Fahl

>> Battle Of Marj-ur-rum

>> Battle Of Emessa

>> Battle Of Yermuk

>> Battle Of Yermuk - The First Two Days

>> Battle Of Yermuk - Third And Fourth Days

>> Battle Of Yermuk - Fifth And Sixth Days

>> Episodes Of Yermuk

>> Conquest Of Syria

>> Fall Of Jerusalem

>> Umar's Address At Jabiah

>> Plague

>> Conquest Of Caesarea

>> The Muslims And The Sea

>> Second Battle Of Emessa

>> Amr Bin Al-aas

>> March To Egypt

>> Battle Of Babylon

>> March To Alexanderia

>> Battle Of Alexandria

>> The Nile

>> Fustat

>> Expedition To Nubia

>> Conquest Of Burqa And Tripoli

19. Death of Umar

>> Shadows Of Death

>> A Persian Stabbed Umar

>> Umar On Death Bed

>> Umar And His Successor

20. Testament and Assessment of Umar

>> Testament Of Umar

>> Elegies And Tributes On The Death Of Umar

>> Distinctions of Umar

>> Holy Prophet's Assessment Of Umar

>> The Holy Prophet's Joint Tributes To Abu Bakr And Umar

>> Assessment Of Umar By The Companions

>> Assessment By Western Writers

>> Assessment Of Umar By Oriental Writers

>> Sayings Of Umar

>> Umar And Sufism

>> Umar's Gift Of Forecasting

>> When Allah Corroborated Umar

>> Wives And Children Of Umar

>> The Coarse Food That Umar Ate

>> Umar's Standards Of Integrity For His Family Members

>> Umar In History

>> Chronology

Saad arrived with his force of 4,000 at Zarud and went into camp. The troops were spread in the region, and couriers were sent to all the tribes in Northern Arabia calling the tribesmen to war in the name of Allah. As a result of these efforts about 7,000 warriors were recruited from the tribes particularly the Bani Asad and Bani Tameem. Among those who joined the Muslim forces was Taleaha who had during the apostasy campaigns of the time of Abu Bakr claimed to be a prophet and had fought against the Muslims. He had escaped to Syria where he was converted to Islam. Those who had once apostated were not allowed by Abu Bakr to be recruited to the Muslim forces. Hazrat Umar, because of the large scale campaigns to be undertaken lifted the ban. Availing of this concession Taleaha and his tribesmen joined the Muslim forces in Iraq in large numbers.

Umar sent another force of 4,000 men to join the main army at Zarud. The strength of the army at Zarud now rose to 15,000. Muthanna with 3,000 men was stationed at Sharaf some sixty miles from Zarud on the main route to Iraq.

From Zarud the main Muslim army marched to Sharaf, and they arrived there in July 636 A.D. Before Saad arrived, Muthanna was dead. In his will Musanna had desired that Saad bin Abi Waqas should marry his widow Salma bint Khasfa. He also left a message for Saad which ran as follows:

"The Muslims should not fight the Persians when they are concentrated in their homeland, but should fight them on the boundary near the desert. Thus if Allah should give the Muslims victory, they will have whatever lies behind the Persians, and if the result is otherwise, they can withdraw into a region the routes whereof they know best and of which they are masters-until Allah decides that they should return to battle."

Saad prayed for the soul of Muthanna. He paid rich tributes to his bravery. In fulfilment of the will of Muthanna, Saad married his widow Salma. He was impressed with the parting advice of Muthanna, and decided to follow it. He reported this advice to Umar who approved of it.

Umar instructed Saad as follows:

"Organise the army into tens and let the men know their units.

Appoint the commanders of the corps and let them see and know their men.

Give the contingents Qadisiyya as the meeting point.

Get Mugheera bin Shu'ba to join you with his cavalry.

Comply with these instructions and then write to me."

Saad organised the army in accordance with the instructions of Umar. From the Uballa sector Mugheera bin Shu'ba joined Sad with his cavalry of 800 horse.

Umar next instructed Saad as follows:

"March with the Muslims from Sharaf towards the Persians.

Place your faith in Allah and seek His help, and know that you are advancing against a people whose numbers are vast, whose equipment is superb, whose strength is great and whose land is difficult. Even its plains consist of rivers and heavily-watered land. When you meet them or any of them, attack them fiercely, but beware of facing them if they are all together. Let them not trick you, for they are wily plotters and their ways are not your ways.

When you get to Qadisiyya, remain there and leave not your place. They will find your continued stay intolerable and will come out against you with all their strength of horse and foot. And if you stand fast against them, you shall overcome them, and should they ever assemble again in great numbers, they shall do so without hearts.

And should the result be otherwise, you will have the desert behind you and can withdraw into a region which you know and control and of which they are ignorant and afraid. And there you should stay until Allah decides victory for you and you return to battle."

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