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Surah 10. Yunus, Ayah 19

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وَمَا كَانَ ٱلنَّاسُ إِلَّآ أُمَّةً وَٰحِدَةً فَٱخْتَلَفُوا۟ ۚ وَلَوْلَا كَلِمَةٌ سَبَقَتْ مِن رَّبِّكَ لَقُضِىَ بَيْنَهُمْ فِيمَا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ
Wam a k a na a l nn a su ill a ommatan w ah idatan fa i khtalafoo walawl a kalimatun sabaqat min rabbika laqu d iya baynahum feem a feehi yakhtalifoon a
AND [know that] all mankind were once but one single community, and only later did they begin to hold divergent views.28 And had it not been for a decree that had already gone forth from thy Sustainer, all their differences would indeed have been settled [from the outset].29
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "and then they disagreed [among themselves]". For an explanation of the term "one single community" (ummah wahidah), see surah {2}, note [197]. In the present context, this expression alludes not merely to mankind's one-time homogeneity, but also - by implication - to the fact, repeatedly stressed in the Qur'an (e.g., in 7:172 ), that the ability to realize God's existence, oneness and omnipotence is innate in man, and that all deviation from this basic perception is a consequence of the confusion brought about by man's progressive estrangement from his inborn instincts.

Lit., "it would indeed have been decided between them regarding all that they were differing in": i.e., had it not been for God's decree - which is the meaning, in this context, of the term kalimah (lit., "word") - that men should differ in their intellectual approach to the problems touched upon by divine revelation, "they would not have contended with one another after having received all evidence of the truth", but would all have held from the very outset, and would continue to hold, the same views (cf. 2:253 and the corresponding note [245]). Since, however, such a uniformity would have precluded men's intellectual, moral and social development, God has left it to their reason, aided by prophetic guidance, gradually to find their way to the truth. (See also surah {2}, note [198].) The above parenthetic passage must be read in conjunction with 2:213 .

Mankind was once just one nation; later on they became divided through inventing different creeds. If your Rabb had not already given His word ( specified time for the life of mankind on Earth), the matters in which they differ would have certainly been decided.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Humanity was once nothing but a single community 'of believers', but then they differed.1 Had it not been for a prior decree from your Lord,2 their differences would have been settled 'at once'.
  - Mustafa Khattab

 i.e., they split into believers and disbelievers.

 That He will delay their judgment until the Hereafter.

Mankind were but one community; then they differed; and had it not been for a word that had already gone forth from thy Lord, it had been judged between them in respect of that wherein they differ.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Mankind was but one nation but differed (later). Had it not been for a word that went forth before from thy Lord their differences would have been settled between them. 1406 1407
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Cf. ii 213. All mankind was created one, and Allah's Message to mankind is in essence one, the Message of Unity and Truth. But as selfishness and egotism got hold of man, certain differences sprang up between individuals, races, and nations, and in His infinite Mercy He sent them messengers and messages to suit their varying mentality, to test them by His gifts, and stir them up to emulation in virtue and piety (v. 48).

Cf. vi. 115. ix 40, and iv. 171. "Word" is the Decree of Allah, the expression of His Universal Will or Wisdom in a particular case. When men began to diverge from one another (see last note), Allah made their very differences subserve the higher ends by increasing their emulation in virtue and piety, and thus pointing back to the ultimate Unity and Reality.

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