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Surah 17. Al-Israa, Ayah 6

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ثُمَّ رَدَدْنَا لَكُمُ ٱلْكَرَّةَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَمْدَدْنَـٰكُم بِأَمْوَٰلٍ وَبَنِينَ وَجَعَلْنَـٰكُمْ أَكْثَرَ نَفِيرًا
Thumma radadn a lakumu alkarrata AAalayhim waamdadn a kum biamw a lin wabaneena wajaAAaln a kum akthara nafeer a n
And after a time We allowed you to prevail against them once again,8 and aided you with wealth and offspring, and made you more numerous [than ever].
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "We gave back to you the turn against them" - apparently a reference to the return of the Jews from the Babylonian captivity in the last quarter of the sixth century B.C., the partial re-establishment of their state, and the building of a new temple in the place of the one that had been destroyed.

Then after this, We afforded you an opportunity to overpower them and helped you with wealth and sons and granted you more manpower.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Then 'after your repentance' We would give you the upper hand over them and aid you with wealth and offspring, causing you to outnumber them.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Then we gave you once again your turn against them, and We aided you with wealth and children and made you more in soldiery,
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Then did We grant you the Return as against them: We gave you increase in resources and sons and made you the more numerous in manpower. 2176
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The return of the Jews from the Captivity was about 520 B.C. They started life afresh. They rebuilt their Temple. They carried out various reforms and built up a new Judaism in connection with Ezra. See appendix 11 following S. v. For a time they prospered. Meanwhile their old oppressors the Babylonians had been absorbed by Persia. Subsequently Persia was absorbed in Alexander's Empire. The whole of western Asia was Hellenized, and the new school of Jews was Hellenized also, and had a strong centre in Alexandria. But their footing in Palestine continued, and under the Asmonaean Dynasty (B.C. 167-63), they had a national revival, and the names of the Makkah bees are remembered as those of heroes. Another dynasty, that of the Idummans, (B.C. 63 to B.C. 4), to which Herod belonged, also enjoyed some semi-independent power. The sceptre of Syria (including Palestine) passed to the Romans in B.C. 65, and Jewish feudatory Kings held power under them. But the Jews again showed a stiff-necked resistance to Allah's Messenger in the time of Jesus, and the inevitable doom followed in the complete and final destruction of the Temple under Titus in 70 A.D.

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