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Surah 28. Al-Qasas, Ayah 4

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إِنَّ فِرْعَوْنَ عَلَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ وَجَعَلَ أَهْلَهَا شِيَعًا يَسْتَضْعِفُ طَآئِفَةً مِّنْهُمْ يُذَبِّحُ أَبْنَآءَهُمْ وَيَسْتَحْىِۦ نِسَآءَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ مِنَ ٱلْمُفْسِدِينَ
Inna firAAawna AAal a fee alar d i wajaAAala ahlah a shiyaAAan yasta d AAifu ta ifatan minhum yu th abbi h u abn a ahum wayasta h yee nis a ahum innahu k a na mina almufsideen a
Behold, Pharaoh exalted himself in the land and divided its people into castes.3 One group of them he deemed utterly low; he would slaughter their sons and spare [only] their women:4 for, behold, he was one of those who spread corruption [on earth].
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "parties" or "sects" - here undoubtedly referring to the division of people into "high" and "low-born": a division which the Qur'an utterly condemns. The group which, as mentioned in the next sentence, Pharaoh "deemed utterly low" were the Israelites, who had been placed on the lowest rung of the Egyptian social scale and were deprived of almost all human rights.

See note [7].

The fact is that Fir'on elevated himself in the land and divided its residents into groups, one group of which he persecuted, putting their sons to death and sparing only their females. Indeed he was one of the mischief-makers.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Indeed, Pharaoh 'arrogantly' elevated himself in the land and divided its people into 'subservient' groups, one of which he persecuted, slaughtering their sons and keeping their women. He was truly one of the corruptors.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Lo! Pharaoh exalted himself in the earth and made its people castes. A tribe among them he suppressed, killing their sons and sparing their women. Lo! he was of those who work corruption.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Truly Pharaoh elated himself in the land and broke up its people into sections depressing a small group among them: their sons he slew but he kept alive their females: for he was indeed a maker of mischief. 3329
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

For a king or ruler to make invidious distinctions between his subjects, and specially to depress or oppress any particular class of his subjects, is a dereliction of his kingly duties, for which he is responsible to Allah. Pharaoh and his clique were intoxicated with pride of race and pride of material civilization, and grievously oppressed the Israelites. Pharaoh decreed that all male sons born to his Israelite subjects should be killed, and the females kept alive for the pleasure of the Egyptians. Moses was saved in a wonderful way, as related further.

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