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Surah 6. Al-An'am, Ayah 137

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وَكَذَٰلِكَ زَيَّنَ لِكَثِيرٍ مِّنَ ٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ قَتْلَ أَوْلَـٰدِهِمْ شُرَكَآؤُهُمْ لِيُرْدُوهُمْ وَلِيَلْبِسُوا۟ عَلَيْهِمْ دِينَهُمْ ۖ وَلَوْ شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ مَا فَعَلُوهُ ۖ فَذَرْهُمْ وَمَا يَفْتَرُونَ
Waka tha lika zayyana likatheerin mina almushrikeena qatla awl a dihim shurak a ohum liyurdoohum waliyalbisoo AAalayhim deenahum walaw sh a a All a hu m a faAAaloohu fa th arhum wam a yaftaroon a
And, likewise, their belief in beings or powers that are supposed to have a share in God's divinity makes122 [even] the slaying of their children seem goodly to many of those who ascribe divinity to aught beside God, thus bringing them to ruin and confusing them in their faith.123 Yet, unless God had so willed, they would not be doing all this:124 stand, therefore, aloof from them and all their false imagery!
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "their [God-]partners make". As pointed out by Razi, some early commentators were of the opinion that the expression shuraka'uhum (lit., "their associates") denotes here the "evil beings" or "forces" (shayatin) from among men and jinn referred to in verses {112}, {121}, {128} and {130} of this surah. It seems to me, however, that what is meant here - as in the preceding verse - is the belief in the existence of anything that could be "associated" with God; hence my rendering of the above phrase as "their belief in beings or powers that are supposed...", etc.

This is a reference to the custom prevalent among the pre-Islamic Arabs of burying alive some of their unwanted children, mainly girls, and also to the occasional offering of a boy-child in sacrifice to one or another of their idols (Zamakhshari). Apart from this historical reference, the above Qur'an-verse seems to point out, by implication, the psychological fact that an attribution of divinity to anyone or anything but God brings with it an ever-growing dependence on all kinds of imaginary powers which must be "propitiated" by formal and often absurd and cruel rites: and this, in turn, leads to the loss of all spiritual freedom and to moral self-destruction.

I.e., He allows them to behave as they do because He wants them to make use of their reason and of the free will with which He has endowed man.

Their shoraka' have induced many mushrikin to kill their own children in order to ruin them and confuse them in their religion. If Allah wanted, they would not have done so. Therefore, leave them alone with their false inventions.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Likewise, the pagans' evil associates have made it appealing to them to kill their own children- only leading to their destruction as well as confusion in their faith. Had it been Allah's Will, they would not have done such a thing. So leave them and their falsehood.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Thus have their (so-called) partners (of Allah) made the killing of their children to seem fair unto many of the idolaters, that they may ruin them and make their faith obscure for them. Had Allah willed (it otherwise), they had not done so. So leave them alone with their devices.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Even so in the eyes of most of the Pagans their `partners' made alluring the slaughter of their children in order to lead them to their own destruction and cause confusion in their religion. If Allah had willed they would not have done so: but leave alone them and their inventions. 959
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The false gods and idols -among many nations, including the Arabs -were supposed to require human sacrifices. Ordinarily such sacrifices are revolting to man, but they are made "alluring" -a sacred rite- by Pagan custom, which falsely arrogates to itself the name of religion. Such customs, if allowed, would do nothing but destroy the people who practise them, and make thier religion but a confused bundle of revolting superstitions.

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