Surah 6. Al-An'am, Ayah 65

I.e., from any direction or by any means whatsoever.

Or: "the violence of one against another" - inner disintegration, fear, violence and tyranny being the inevitable consequences of a society's departure from spiritual truths.

Calamities from above and below: such as storms and blizzards, torrential rain, ect., or earthquakes, floods, landslides, etc.

Cf. vi. 46, where this refrain commences the argument now drawing to a close.