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Surah 60. Al-Mumtahinah, Ayah 11

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60. Al-Mumtahinah
61. As-Saff 62. Al-Jumu'ah 63. Al-Munafiqun 64. At-Taghabun 65. At-Talaq 66. At-Tahrim 67. Al-Mulk 68. Al-Qalam 69. Al-Haqqah 70. Al-Ma'arij 71. Nuh 72. Al-Jinn 73. Al-Muzzammil 74. Al-Muddaththir 75. Al-Qiyamah 76. Al-Insan 77. Al-Mursalat 78. An-Naba 79. An-Naziat 80. Abasa 81. At-Takwir 82. Al-Infitar 83. Al-Mutaffifin 84. Al-Inshiqaq 85. Al-Buruj 86. At-Tariq 87. Al-Ala 88. Al-Ghashiyah 89. Al-Fajr 90. Al-Balad 91. Ash-Shams 92. Al-Lail 93. Ad-Duha 94. Ash-Sharh 95. At-Tin 96. Al-Alaq 97. Al-Qadr 98. Al-Bayinah 99. Az-Zalzalah 100. Al-Adiyat 101. Al-Qariah 102. Al-Takathur 103. Al-Asr 104. Al-Humazah 105. Al-Fil 106. Quraish 107. Al-Ma'un 108. Al-Kauthar 109. Al-Kafirun 110. An-Nasr 111. Al-Masad 112. Al-Ikhlas 113. Al-Falaq 114. An-Nas
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وَإِن فَاتَكُمْ شَىْءٌ مِّنْ أَزْوَٰجِكُمْ إِلَى ٱلْكُفَّارِ فَعَاقَبْتُمْ فَـَٔاتُوا۟ ٱلَّذِينَ ذَهَبَتْ أَزْوَٰجُهُم مِّثْلَ مَآ أَنفَقُوا۟ ۚ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنتُم بِهِۦ مُؤْمِنُونَ
Wain f a takum shayon min azw a jikum il a alkuff a ri faAA a qabtum fa a too alla th eena th ahabat azw a juhum mithla m a anfaqoo wa i ttaqoo All a ha alla th ee antum bihi muminoon a
And if any of your wives should go over to the deniers of the truth, and you are thus afflicted in turn,16 then give unto those whose wives have gone away the equivalent of what they had spent [on their wives by way of dower],17 and remain conscious of God, in whom you believe!
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "and you are thus taking your turn", i.e., like the unbelievers whose wives have gone over to the Muslims and renounced their erstwhile faith.

Since, as a rule, the unbelievers cannot really be expected to indemnify a husband thus deserted, the Muslim community as a whole is bound to undertake this obligation. As a matter of fact, there were only six such cases of apostasy in the lifetime of the Prophet (all of them before the conquest of Mecca in 8 H.); and in each case the Muslim husband was awarded by the communal treasury, on orders of the Prophet, the equivalent of the dower originally paid by him (Baghawi and Zamakhshari).

If you do not get back the demanded amount that you have spent on your disbelieving wives from the unbelievers, and your turn comes, to pay the demanded amount of Muslim wives to the unbelievers, you can offset the amount and pay those whose wives have fled the equivalent of the amount they have spent on their disbelieving wives. Fear Allah, in Whom you believe.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And if any of your wives desert you to the disbelievers, and later you take spoils from them, then pay those whose wives have gone, the equivalent of whatever 'dowry' they had paid. And be mindful of Allah, in Whom you believe.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And if any of your wives have gone from you unto the disbelievers and afterward ye have your turn (of triumph), then give unto those whose wives have gone the like of that which they have spent, and keep your duty to Allah in whom ye are believers.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And if any of your wives deserts you to the Unbelievers and ye have an accession (by the coming over of a woman from the other side) then pay to those whose wives have deserted the equivalent of what they had spent (on their (dower): and fear Allah in Whom ye believe. 5426
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

A very unlikely contingency, considering how much better position the women occupied in Islam than under Pagan custom. But all contingencies have to be provided for equitably in legislation. If a woman went over to the Pagans, her dower would be recoverable from the Pagans and payable to the deserted husband. If a woman came over from the Pagans, her dower would be payable to the Pagans. Assuming that the two dowers were equal, the one would be set off against the other as between the two communities; but within the communities the deserted individual would be compensated by the individual who gains a wife. If the dowers were unequal, the balance would be recoverable as between the communities, and the adjustment would then be made as between the individuals.

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