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Surah 22. Al-Hajj

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22:71
وَيَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ مَا لَمْ يُنَزِّلْ بِهِۦ سُلْطَـٰنًا وَمَا لَيْسَ لَهُم بِهِۦ عِلْمٌ ۗ وَمَا لِلظَّـٰلِمِينَ مِن نَّصِيرٍ WayaAAbudoona min dooni All a hi m a lam yunazzil bihi sul ta nan wam a laysa lahum bihi AAilmun wam a li l thth a limeena min na s eer in
And yet,86 they [who claim to believe in Him often] worship [other beings or forces] beside God- something for which He has never bestowed any warrant from on high,87 and [of the reality] whereof they cannot have any knowledge:88 and such evildoers shall have none to succour them [on Judgment Day].
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., despite their awareness that God alone knows all and is, therefore, unique in His all-embracing Presence.

See surah {3}, note [106].

I.e., through independent reasoning or observation.

Yet they worship besides Allah those deities for which He has revealed no sanction, nor they themselves have any knowledge about them; certainly the wrongdoers shall have no helper.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Yet they worship besides Allah that for which He has sent down no authority, and of which they have no knowledge. The wrongdoers will have no helper.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And they worship instead of Allah that for which no warrant hath been revealed unto them, and that whereof they have no knowledge. For evil-doers there is no helper.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Yet they worship besides Allah things for which no authority has been sent down to them and of which they have (really) no knowledge: for those that do wrong there is no helper. 2852
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

When plain common-sense shows the absurdity of false worship, behind which there is neither knowledge, intelligence, nor authority (quite the contrary), who or what can help the false misguided creatures who dishonour Allah by false worship?

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22:72
وَإِذَا تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ ءَايَـٰتُنَا بَيِّنَـٰتٍ تَعْرِفُ فِى وُجُوهِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ ٱلْمُنكَرَ ۖ يَكَادُونَ يَسْطُونَ بِٱلَّذِينَ يَتْلُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ ءَايَـٰتِنَا ۗ قُلْ أَفَأُنَبِّئُكُم بِشَرٍّ مِّن ذَٰلِكُمُ ۗ ٱلنَّارُ وَعَدَهَا ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ ۖ وَبِئْسَ ٱلْمَصِيرُ Wai tha tutl a AAalayhim a y a tun a bayyin a tin taAArifu fee wujoohi alla th eena kafaroo almunkara yak a doona yas t oona bi a lla th eena yatloona AAalayhim a y a tin a qul afaonabbiokum bisharrin min tha likum a l nn a ru waAAadah a All a hu alla th eena kafaroo wabisa alma s eer u
As it is, whenever Our messages are conveyed unto them in all their clarity, thou canst perceive utter repugnance on the faces of those who are bent on denying the truth: they would almost assault those who convey Our messages unto them! Say: "Shall I, then, tell you of something worse than what you feel at present?89 It is the fire [of the hereafter] that God has promised to those who are bent on denying the truth: and how vile a journey's end!"
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "worse than this" - i.e., "more painful than the repugnance which you feel with regard to God's messages".

When Our revelations are recited to them with all their clarity, you can notice a denial on the faces of the unbelievers. They can barely restrain themselves from assaulting those who recite Our revelations. Say to them: "Shall I tell you something which is far worse than that? It is the fire of hell, which Allah has promised to those who reject the truth; what an evil abode it will be!"
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Whenever Our clear revelations are recited to them, you 'O Prophet' recognize rage on the faces of the disbelievers, as if they are going to snap at those who recite Our revelations to them. Say, 'Shall I inform you of something far more enraging than that? 'It is' the Fire with which Allah has threatened those who disbelieve. What an evil destination!'
  - Mustafa Khattab
And when Our revelations are recited unto them, thou knowest the denial in the faces of those who disbelieve; they all but attack those who recite Our revelations unto them. Say: Shall I proclaim unto you worse than that? The Fire! Allah hath promised it for those who disbelieve. A hapless journey's end!
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
When Our Clear Signs are rehearsed to them thou wilt notice a denial on the faces of the Unbelievers! They nearly attack with violence those who rehearse Our Signs to them. Say "Shall I tell you of something (far) worse than these Signs? It is the fire (of Hell)! Allah has promised it to the Unbelievers! And evil is that destination!" 2853 2854
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Munkar; (1) a refusal to accept something offered; (2) a denial of something stated or pointed out; (3) a feeling of disapproval or active aversion, or disgust.

There is irony here. 'You think Allah's revelations and Signs are distasteful to you! There will be something far more distasteful to you if you do not repent! What do you say to the inevitable Punishment.

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22:73
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ ضُرِبَ مَثَلٌ فَٱسْتَمِعُوا۟ لَهُۥٓ ۚ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ لَن يَخْلُقُوا۟ ذُبَابًا وَلَوِ ٱجْتَمَعُوا۟ لَهُۥ ۖ وَإِن يَسْلُبْهُمُ ٱلذُّبَابُ شَيْـًٔا لَّا يَسْتَنقِذُوهُ مِنْهُ ۚ ضَعُفَ ٱلطَّالِبُ وَٱلْمَطْلُوبُ Y a ayyuh a a l nn a su d uriba mathalun fa i stamiAAoo lahu inna alla th eena tadAAoona min dooni All a hi lan yakhluqoo th ub a ban walawi ijtamaAAoo lahu wain yaslubuhumu a l thth ub a bu shayan l a yastanqi th oohu minhu d aAAufa a l tta libu wa a lma t loob u
O MEN! A parable is set forth [herewith]; hearken, then, to it! Behold, those beings whom you invoke instead of God cannot create [as much as] a fly, even were they to join all their forces to that end! And if a fly robs them of anything, they cannot [even] rescue it from him! Weak indeed is the seeker, and [weak] the sought!
  - Mohammad Asad
O mankind! Here is an example for your understanding, so listen to it carefully. Those deities whom you call besides Allah, cannot create a single fly, even if they all combined their forces, rather, if a fly snatches away anything from them they cannot even get it back; how feebleminded are the suppliants and how powerless are those whom they supplicate!
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
O humanity! A lesson is set forth, so listen to it 'carefully': those 'idols' you invoke besides Allah can never create 'so much as' a fly, even if they 'all' were to come together for that. And if a fly were to snatch anything away from them, they cannot 'even' retrieve it from the fly. How powerless are those who invoke and those invoked!1
  - Mustafa Khattab

 Another possible translation: “How weak are the seekers (i.e., the idols) and the sought (i.e., the fly)!”

O mankind! A similitude is coined, so pay ye heed to it: Lo! those on whom ye call beside Allah will never create a fly though they combine together for the purpose. And if the fly took something from them, they could not rescue it from him. So weak are (both) the seeker and the sought!
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
O men! Here is a parable set forth! Listen to it! Those on whom besides Allah ye call cannot create (even) a fly if they all met together for the purpose! And if the fly should snatch away anything from them they would have no power to release it from the fly: feeble are those who petition and those whom they petition! 2855
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Both idols and their worshippers are poor, foolish, feeble creatures!

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22:74
مَا قَدَرُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِۦٓ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَقَوِىٌّ عَزِيزٌ M a qadaroo All a ha h aqqa qadrihi inna All a ha laqawiyyun AAazeez un
No true understanding of God have they [who err in this way]: for, verily, God is most powerful, almighty!
  - Mohammad Asad
They do not render to Allah the homage due to Him; in fact, Allah is the One Who is All-Powerful, All-Mighty.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
They have not shown Allah the reverence He deserves. Surely Allah is All-Powerful, Almighty.
  - Mustafa Khattab
They measure not Allah His rightful measure. Lo! Allah is Strong, Almighty.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
No just estimate have they made of Allah: for Allah is He Who is strong and able to carry out His Will. 2856
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

No one can have a true idea of Allah, who descends to the base forms of false worship. Allah has all power, and He is fully able to carry out every part of His Will and Plan. He is exalted above all in power and dignity. Cf. xxii. 40 and n. 2818 for the full meaning of 'Aziz.

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22:75
ٱللَّهُ يَصْطَفِى مِنَ ٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةِ رُسُلًا وَمِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَمِيعٌۢ بَصِيرٌ All a hu ya st afee mina almal a ikati rusulan wamina a l nn a si inna All a ha sameeAAun ba s eer un
[In His almightiness,] God chooses message-bearers from among the angels as well as from among men. But, behold, God [alone] is all-hearing, all-see-ing:90
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., the prophets and the angels are but created beings having no share whatever in His omniscience and, hence, no claim to being worshipped.

Allah chooses His messengers from among the angels and from among the human beings, for surely Allah is All-Hearing, All-Seeing.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Allah selects messengers from both angels and people, for Allah is truly All-Hearing, All-Seeing.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Allah chooseth from the angels messengers, and (also) from mankind. Lo! Allah is Hearer, Seer.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Allah chooses Messengers from angels and from men: for Allah is He Who hears and sees (all things). 2857 2858
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Men are chosen as Messengers to ordinary men; for ordinary men will not be able to understand and be in communion with beings so refined as angels. But angels are sent as Messengers to Allah's chosen prophets, to convey the Message from time to time. In either case they are chosen by Allah, are subject to Allah's Will, and should not be worshipped as gods.

As Allah regards the humblest of His creatures and hears their prayer, He sends men messengers out of their own brethren (see last note), and to such messengers He communicates the highest spiritual Truths through His angels.

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22:76
يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ ۗ وَإِلَى ٱللَّهِ تُرْجَعُ ٱلْأُمُورُ YaAAlamu m a bayna aydeehim wam a khalfahum wail a All a hi turjaAAu alomoor u
[whereas their knowledge is limited,] He knows all that lies open before them and all that is hidden from them91 - for all things go back to God [as their source].
  - Mohammad Asad

For an explanation of this rendering of the phrase ma bayna aydihim wa-ma khalfahum, see surah {2}, note [247].

He knows what is before them and what is behind them, and to Allah shall all matters return for decision.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
He knows what is ahead of them and what is behind them. And to Allah 'all' matters will be returned 'for judgment'.
  - Mustafa Khattab
He knoweth all that is before them and all that is behind them, and unto Allah all things are returned.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
He knows what is before them and what is behind them: and to Allah go back all questions (for decision). 2859
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Time, before or behind, may be of some importance to men. They may dispute as to what was the first Message, and what is the last Message. To Allah, this question of priority and posteriority is of no consequence. All questions go back ultimately to Him and are judged on their merits.

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22:77
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ ٱرْكَعُوا۟ وَٱسْجُدُوا۟ وَٱعْبُدُوا۟ رَبَّكُمْ وَٱفْعَلُوا۟ ٱلْخَيْرَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ ۩ Y a ayyuh a alla th eena a manoo irkaAAoo wa o sjudoo wa o AAbudoo rabbakum wa i fAAaloo alkhayra laAAallakum tufli h oon a
O YOU who have attained to faith! Bow down and prostrate yourselves, and worship your Sustainer [alone], and do good, so that you might attain to a happy state!
  - Mohammad Asad
O believers! Bow down, prostrate yourselves, worship your Rabb and do good deeds so that you may attain salvation.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
O believers! Bow down, prostrate yourselves, worship your Lord, and do 'what is' good so that you may be successful.
  - Mustafa Khattab
O, ye who believe! Bow down and prostrate yourselves, and worship your Lord, and do good, that haply ye may prosper.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
O ye who believe! bow down prostrate yourselves and adore your Lord; and do good; that ye may prosper. 2860
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Prosper: in a spiritual sense, both in this life and the Hereafter.

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22:78
وَجَـٰهِدُوا۟ فِى ٱللَّهِ حَقَّ جِهَادِهِۦ ۚ هُوَ ٱجْتَبَىٰكُمْ وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِى ٱلدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ ۚ مِّلَّةَ أَبِيكُمْ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ ۚ هُوَ سَمَّىٰكُمُ ٱلْمُسْلِمِينَ مِن قَبْلُ وَفِى هَـٰذَا لِيَكُونَ ٱلرَّسُولُ شَهِيدًا عَلَيْكُمْ وَتَكُونُوا۟ شُهَدَآءَ عَلَى ٱلنَّاسِ ۚ فَأَقِيمُوا۟ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتُوا۟ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَٱعْتَصِمُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ هُوَ مَوْلَىٰكُمْ ۖ فَنِعْمَ ٱلْمَوْلَىٰ وَنِعْمَ ٱلنَّصِيرُ Waj a hidoo fee All a hi h aqqa jih a dihi huwa ijtab a kum wam a jaAAala AAalaykum fee a l ddeeni min h arajin millata abeekum ibr a heema huwa samm a kumu almuslimeena min qablu wafee h atha liyakoona a l rrasoolu shaheedan AAalaykum watakoonoo shuhad a a AAal a a l nn a si faaqeemoo a l ss al a ta wa a too a l zzak a ta wa i AAta s imoo bi A ll a hi huwa mawl a kum faniAAma almawl a waniAAma a l nna s eer u
And strive hard in God's cause with all the striving that is due to Him: it is He who has elected you [to carry His message], and has laid no hardship on you in [anything that pertains to] religion,92 [and made you follow] the creed of your forefather Abraham.93 It is He who has named you - in bygone times as well as in this [divine writ] - "those who have surrendered themselves to God",94 so that the Apostle might bear witness to the truth before you, and that you might bear witness to it before all mankind. Thus, be constant in prayer, and render the purifying dues, and hold fast unto God. He is your Lord Supreme: and how excellent is this Lord Supreme, and how excellent this Giver of Succour!
  - Mohammad Asad

The absence of any "hardship" in the religion of Islam is due to several factors: (1) it is free of any dogma or mystical proposition which might make the Qur'anic doctrine difficult to understand or might even conflict with man's innate reason; (2) it avoids all complicated ritual or system of taboos which would impose undue restrictions on man's everyday life; (3) it rejects all self-mortification and exaggerated asceticism, which must unavoidably conflict with man's true nature (cf. in this connection note [118] on the first sentence of 2:143 ); and (4) it takes fully into account the fact that "man has been created weak" ( 4:28 ).

Abraham is designated here as "your forefather" not only because he was, in fact, an ancestor of the Prophet Muhammad - to whose followers this passage is addressed - but also because he is the prototype (and thus, the spiritual "forefather") of all who consciously "surrender themselves to God" (see next note).

The term muslim signifies "one who surrenders himself to God"; correspondingly, islam denotes "self-surrender to God". Both these terms are applied in the Qur'an to all who believe in the One God and affirm this belief by an unequivocal acceptance of His revealed messages. Since the Qur'an represents the final and most universal of these divine revelations, the believers are called upon, in the sequence, to follow the guidance of its Apostle and thus to become an example for all mankind (cf. 2:143 and the corresponding note [119]).

Strive in the Way of Allah as you ought to strive with sincerity and discipline; He has chosen you and has not laid upon you any hardship in the observance of your faith - the faith of your father Ibrahim (Abraham). He named you Muslims before in prior scriptures and in this (The Qur'an), so that His Rasool may testify against you and you yourselves may testify against rest of the mankind. Therefore, establish Salah, pay Zakah and hold fast to Allah; Who is your Protector - so what an excellent Protector and what a splendid Supporter!
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Strive for 'the cause of' Allah in the way He deserves, for 'it is' He 'Who' has chosen you, and laid upon you no hardship in the religion- the way of your forefather Abraham. 'It is Allah' Who named you 'the ones who submit'1 'in the' earlier 'Scriptures' and in this 'Quran', so that the Messenger may be a witness over you, and that you may be witnesses over humanity. So establish prayer, pay alms-tax, and hold fast to Allah. He 'alone' is your Guardian. What an excellent Guardian, and what an excellent Helper!
  - Mustafa Khattab

 i.e., Muslims.

And strive for Allah with the endeavor which is His right. He hath chosen you and hath not laid upon you in religion any hardship; the faith of your father Abraham (is yours). He hath named you Muslims of old time and in this (Scripture), that the messenger may be a witness against you, and that ye may be witnesses against mankind. So establish worship, pay the poor due, and hold fast to Allah. He is your Protecting Friend. A blessed Patron and a blessed Helper!
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And strive in His cause as ye ought to strive (with sincerity and under discipline): He has chosen you and has imposed no difficulties on you in religion; it is the cult of your father Abraham. It is He Who has named you Muslims both before and in this (Revelation); that the Apostle may be a witness for you and ye be witnesses for mankind! So establish regular Prayer give regular Charity and hold fast to Allah! He is your Protector the Best to protect and the Best to help! 2861 2862 2863 2864
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

As far as the striving is concerned with Jihad in the narrow sense, see the limitations in n. 204 to ii. 190 and n. 205 to ii. 191. But the words are perfectly general and apply to all true and unselfish striving for spiritual good.

The Jews were hampered by many restrictions, and their religion was racial. Christianity, as originally preached, was a hermit religion: "sell whatsoever thou hast" (Mark x. 21); "take no thought for the morrow" (Matt. vi. 34). Islam, as originally preached, gives freedom and full play to man's faculties of every kind. It is universal, and claims to date from Adam: father Abraham is mentioned as the great Ancestor of those among whom Islam was first preached (Jews, Christians, and Arabs).

Before: see Abraham's prayer in ii. 128. In this revelation: in this very verse, as well as in other places.

See ii. 143, and notes 143 and 144. As the Prophet is a guide and exemplar among us, so Muslims ought to be exemplars amongst mankind. The best witness to Allah's Truth are those who show its light in their lives.

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