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Surah 52. At-Tur

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52:36
أَمْ خَلَقُوا۟ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضَ ۚ بَل لَّا يُوقِنُونَ Am khalaqoo a l ssam a w a ti wa a lar d a bal l a yooqinoon a
[And] have they created the heavens and the earth?22 Nay, but they have no certainty of anything!
  - Mohammad Asad

This is a reductio ad absurdum of their unwillingness to admit the existence of a conscious Primary Cause underlying all creation.

Did they created the heavens and the earth? Nay! They will never be convinced.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Or did they create the heavens and the earth? In fact, they have no firm belief 'in Allah'.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Or did they create the heavens and the earth? Nay, but they are sure of nothing!
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Or did they create the heavens and the earth? Nay they have no firm belief. 5070
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

They obviously did not create the wonders of the starry heavens and the fruitful globe of the earth. But they can assign no definite cause to explain it, as they have no firm belief on the subject themselves.

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52:37
أَمْ عِندَهُمْ خَزَآئِنُ رَبِّكَ أَمْ هُمُ ٱلْمُصَۣيْطِرُونَ Am AAindahum khaz a inu rabbika am humu almu s ay t iroon a
[How could they?] Are thy Sustainer's treasures with them?23 Or are they in charge [of destiny]?
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., the treasures of His infinite knowledge and power.

Do they possess the treasures of your Rabb? Or is it they who control them?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Or do they possess the treasuries of your Lord, or are they in control 'of everything'?
  - Mustafa Khattab
Or do they own the treasures of thy Lord? Or have they been given charge (thereof)?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Or are the Treasures of thy Lord with them or are they the managers (of affairs)? 5071
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Cf. vi. 50, and n. 867. The Treasures of Allah's Knowledge are infinite. But the doubters and unbelievers have no access to them, much less can the doubters and unbelievers manage the wonders of this world. Must they not therefore seek grace and revelation from Allah?

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52:38
أَمْ لَهُمْ سُلَّمٌ يَسْتَمِعُونَ فِيهِ ۖ فَلْيَأْتِ مُسْتَمِعُهُم بِسُلْطَـٰنٍ مُّبِينٍ Am lahum sullamun yastamiAAoona feehi falyati mustamiAAuhum bisul ta nin mubeen in
Or have they a ladder by which they could [ascend to ultimate truths and] listen [to what is beyond the reach of human perception]? Let, then, any of them who has listened [to it] produce a manifest proof [of his knowledge]!
  - Mohammad Asad
Do they have a stairway to heaven by means of which they overhear Him? If so, let any of them who overheard Him, bring clear proof.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Or do they have a stairway, by which they eavesdrop 'on the heavens'? Then let those who do so bring a compelling proof.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Or have they any stairway (unto heaven) by means of which they overhear (decrees). Then let their listener produce warrant manifest!
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Or have they a ladder by which they can (climb up to heaven and) listen (to its secrets)? Then let (such a) listener of theirs produce a manifest proof. 5072
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Cf. vi. 35: a reference to the Pagan belief that by means of a material ladder a man might climb up to heaven and learn its secrets!

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52:39
أَمْ لَهُ ٱلْبَنَـٰتُ وَلَكُمُ ٱلْبَنُونَ Am lahu alban a tu walakumu albanoon a
Or, [if you believe in God, how can you believe that] He has [chosen to have] daughters, whereas you yourselves would have [only] sons?24
  - Mohammad Asad

This is addressed specifically to the pagan contemporaries of the Prophet, implying that "you not only blaspheme by ascribing progeny to God, but you intensify your blasphemy by ascribing to Him something that you yourselves despise, i.e., female offspring": cf. {16:57-59} and the corresponding notes.

Is He to have daughters and you sons?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Or does He have daughters 'as you claim', while you 'prefer to' have sons?1
  - Mustafa Khattab

 See footnote for 37:149.

Or hath He daughters whereas ye have sons?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Or has He only daughters and ye have sons? 5073
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Cf. xvi. 57-59, and n. 2082. To the gospel of Unity it is repugnant to assign begotten sons or daughters to Allah. But the Arab superstition about angels being the daughters of Allah was particularly blasphemous as the Pagan Arabs hated to have daughters themselves and considered it a mark of humiliation!

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52:40
أَمْ تَسْـَٔلُهُمْ أَجْرًا فَهُم مِّن مَّغْرَمٍ مُّثْقَلُونَ Am tasaluhum ajran fahum min maghramin muthqaloon a
Or is it that [they who reject thy message, O Muhammad, fear lest] thou ask of them a reward, so that they would be burdened with debt [if they should listen to thee]?
  - Mohammad Asad
Do you ask them payment for your services, that they should fear to be overburdened by a debt?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Or are you 'O Prophet' asking them for a reward 'for the message' so that they are overburdened by debt?
  - Mustafa Khattab
Or askest thou (Muhammad) a fee from them so that they are plunged in debt?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Or is it that thou dost ask for a reward so that they are burdened with a load of debt? 5074
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The prophets of Allah ask for no reward to preach the Message of Allah and direct men to the right Path. Why then do men shun them and persecute those who seek to bring blessings to them?

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52:41
أَمْ عِندَهُمُ ٱلْغَيْبُ فَهُمْ يَكْتُبُونَ Am AAindahumu alghaybu fahum yaktuboon a
Or [do they think] that the hidden reality [of all that exists] is almost within their grasp, so that [in time] they can write it down?25
  - Mohammad Asad

For an explanation, see note [26] on the identical passage in 68:47 .

Do they have the knowledge of the unseen? Can they write it down?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Or do they have access to 'the Record in' the unseen, so they copy it 'for all to see'?
  - Mustafa Khattab
Or possess they the Unseen so that they can write (it) down?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Or that the Unseen is in their hands and they write it down? 5075
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The Unseen is a subject of Revelation, though it works through the common everyday life of man. The men who reject Revelation simply because it is outside their own experience ought on the contrary to try to learn about it and seek to understand it.

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52:42
أَمْ يُرِيدُونَ كَيْدًا ۖ فَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ هُمُ ٱلْمَكِيدُونَ Am yureedoona kaydan fa a lla th eena kafaroo humu almakeedoon a
Or do they want to entrap [thee in contradictions]? But they who are bent on denying the truth - it is they who are truly entrapped!26
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., it is they who constantly lose themselves in contradictions, whereas the message of the Qur'an is free thereof (cf. 4:82 and the corresponding note).

Do they intend to devise a plot against you? If so, the disbelievers themselves will be trapped in their plot.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Or do they intend to scheme 'against the Prophet'? Then it is the disbelievers who will fall victim to 'their' schemes.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Or seek they to ensnare (the messenger)? But those who disbelieve, they are the ensnared!
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Or do they intend a plot (against thee)? But those who defy Allah are themselves involved in a Plot! 5076
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Shallow men who plot against Good are themselves the willing victims of insidious plots laid by Evil.

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52:43
أَمْ لَهُمْ إِلَـٰهٌ غَيْرُ ٱللَّهِ ۚ سُبْحَـٰنَ ٱللَّهِ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ Am lahum il a hun ghayru All a hi sub ha na All a hi AAamm a yushrikoon a
Have they, then, any deity other than God? Utterly remote is God, in His limitless glory, from anything to which men may ascribe a share in His divinity!
  - Mohammad Asad
Do they have a god other than Allah? Exalted is Allah, far above those deities they associate with Him.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Or do they have a god other than Allah? Glorified is Allah far above what they associate 'with Him'!
  - Mustafa Khattab
Or have they any god beside Allah? Glorified be Allah from all that they ascribe as partner (unto Him)!
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Or have they a god other then Allah? exalted is Allah far above the things they associate with Him! 5077
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

This is the final and decisive question: Is there really any god other than Allah the One True God? Every argument points to the negative. A series of questions has been asked above pointing to the negative of the superstitions of the godless. The gospel of Unity, Revelation, and the Hereafter has thus been preached by a searching examination of the position of the Unbelievers. And the Sura ends with an exhortation to leave alone those who will not believe because they wish not to believe, and to let Time work out the web and pattern of Allah's Plan.

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52:44
وَإِن يَرَوْا۟ كِسْفًا مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ سَاقِطًا يَقُولُوا۟ سَحَابٌ مَّرْكُومٌ Wain yaraw kisfan mina a l ssam a i s a qi t an yaqooloo sa ha bun markoom un
AND YET, if they [who refuse to see the truth] were to see part of the sky falling down, they would [only] say, "[It is but] a mass of clouds!"
  - Mohammad Asad
They are such people that, even if they will see a part of heaven falling down, they would say: "It is but a mass of clouds."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
If they were to see a 'deadly' piece of the sky fall down 'upon them', still they would say, ''This is just' a pile of clouds.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
And if they were to see a fragment of the heaven falling, they would say: A heap of clouds.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Were they to see a piece of the sky falling (on them) they would (only) say: "clouds gathered in heaps!" 5078
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

In xxvi. 187, Shu'aib, the Prophet of Allah, is challenged by the Companions of the Wood "to cause a piece of the sky to fall on us, if thou art truthful." Such a challenge, in some form or other, is addressed to all prophets of Allah. It is mere defiance. It has no meaning. If a piece of the sky were to fall on them, it would not convince them, for they would only say: "These are only clouds gathered in heaps." They do not wish to believe. Otherwise there are ample Signs and Evidences of Allah's Plan in Creation and in man's own heart.

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52:45
فَذَرْهُمْ حَتَّىٰ يُلَـٰقُوا۟ يَوْمَهُمُ ٱلَّذِى فِيهِ يُصْعَقُونَ Fa th arhum h att a yul a qoo yawmahumu alla th ee feehi yu s AAaqoon a
Hence, leave them alone until they face that [Judgment] Day of theirs, when they will be stricken with terror:
  - Mohammad Asad
So leave them alone until they encounter that Day of theirs wherein they shall be made to swoon with terror.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
So leave them until they face their Day in which they will be struck dead-
  - Mustafa Khattab
Then let them be (O Muhammad), till they meet their day, in which they will be thunder stricken,
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
So leave them alone until they encounter that Day of theirs wherein they shall (perforce) swoon (with terror) 5079
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

That is, the Day of Judgment. Cf. xxxix. 68, and n. 4343.

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52:46
يَوْمَ لَا يُغْنِى عَنْهُمْ كَيْدُهُمْ شَيْـًٔا وَلَا هُمْ يُنصَرُونَ Yawma l a yughnee AAanhum kayduhum shayan wal a hum yun s aroon a
the Day when none of their scheming will be of the least avail to them, and they will receive no succour....
  - Mohammad Asad
The Day when their designs will avail them nothing and none will help them.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
the Day their scheming will be of no benefit to them whatsoever, nor will they be helped.
  - Mustafa Khattab
A day in which their guile will naught avail them, nor will they be helped.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
The Day when their plotting will avail them nothing and no help shall be Given them.
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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52:47
وَإِنَّ لِلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا۟ عَذَابًا دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ وَلَـٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ Wainna lilla th eena th alamoo AAa tha ban doona tha lika wal a kinna aktharahum l a yaAAlamoon a
But. verily, for those who are bent on doing evil, there is suffering in store [even] closer at hand than that [supreme suffering in the hereafter]:27 but most of them are not aware of it.
  - Mohammad Asad

As in 32:21 , the Qur'an stresses here the fact that every evil deed is bound to react in some way or other, even in this world, against him who commits it - either by depriving him of the affection of those who surround him and, thus, deepening his inner loneliness, or, more directly, by creating circumstances which make the achievement of real happiness and satisfaction increasingly impossible.

Surely for such wrongdoers, there is another punishment besides that, even though most of them do not realize that.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Also, the wrongdoers will certainly have another torment before that 'Day', but most of them do not know.1
  - Mustafa Khattab

 i.e., famine, droughts, or the defeat at the Battle of Badr (see 32:21). The Battle of Badr took place in the 15 th  year of the Prophet’s mission. The previous passage poses fifteen questions to the Meccan pagans before warning them in this passage.

And verily, for those who do wrong, there is a punishment beyond that. But most of them know not.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And verily for those who do wrong there is another punishment besides this: but most of them understand not. 5080
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The final Judgment is for all. But in addition, wrong-doers have to fear a retribution or punishment in this very life, an open punishment through external events, or at least the bitter pangs of conscience within.

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52:48
وَٱصْبِرْ لِحُكْمِ رَبِّكَ فَإِنَّكَ بِأَعْيُنِنَا ۖ وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ حِينَ تَقُومُ Wa i s bir li h ukmi rabbika fainnaka biaAAyunin a wasabbi h bi h amdi rabbika h eena taqoom u
And so, await in patience thy Sustainer's judgment, for thou art well within Our sight.28 And extol thy Sustainer's limitless glory and praise whenever thou risest up,
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., "under Our protection".

Therefore, wait for the judgement of your Rabb with patience, We are surely watching over you. Glorify your Rabb with His praises when you wake up,
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
So be patient with your Lord's decree, for you are truly under Our 'watchful' Eyes. And glorify the praises of your Lord when you rise.
  - Mustafa Khattab
So wait patiently (O Muhammad) for thy Lord's decree, for surely thou art in Our sight; and hymn the praise of thy Lord when thou uprisest.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Now await in patience the command of thy Lord: for verily thou art in our eyes: and celebrate the praises of thy Lord the while thou standest forth. 5081 5082
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The messenger of Allah must strive his utmost to proclaim the Message of Allah: as for results, it is not for him to command them. He must wait patiently, in the knowledge that he is not forgotten by Allah, but is constantly under Allah's eyes,-under His loving care and protection. And he must glorify Allah's name, as he is a standard-bearer of Allah's Truth.

The translators and Commentators nearly all understand taqumu in the sense of rising up from sleep. But the rendering I have given is consistent with Quranic usage. In xxvi. 218, we have the same two words hina taqumu, meaning "standing forth (in prayer)". In lvii. 25, we have "li-yaqum an-nasu bil-qisti", which obviously means "that men may stand forth in justice," i.e., do all their business in justice. In lxxviii. 38, we have yaqumu used for the angels standing forth in ranks. On my rendering the meaning will be: 'celebrate Allah's praises when you stand forth in prayer, or at all times when you go about your business; but also for part of the night and at early dawn when worldly life is at a standstill.'

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52:49
وَمِنَ ٱلَّيْلِ فَسَبِّحْهُ وَإِدْبَـٰرَ ٱلنُّجُومِ Wamina allayli fasabbi h hu waidb a ra a l nnujoom i
and extol His glory at night, and at the time when the stars retreat.
  - Mohammad Asad
and glorify Him in a part of the night, and also as the stars fade away.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And glorify Him during part of the night and at the fading of the stars.
  - Mustafa Khattab
And in the night time also hymn His praise, and at the setting of the stars.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And for part of the night also praise thou Him and at the retreat of the stars! 5083 5084
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

It is not necessary to understand this for any particular canonical prayers. It is good to spend a part of the night in prayer and praise: Cf. lxxiii. 6. And the Dawn is a daily recurring miracle, full of spiritual influences and "testimony": Cf. xvii. 78-79.

Idbar-un-nujum: the setting of the stars: the glorious hour of early dawn. In cxiii. 1, we seek Allah's protection as "Lord of the Dawn".

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