Fiqh-us-Sunnah - 1.69
Hadith 1.69.1
Mensturation
In Arabic, the word for menstruation (haidh) literally means "running." Here it refers to the discharge of blood during a woman's state of health, not from giving birth or breaking the hymen.
Most scholars say that its time begins at the age of nine. If blood is seen before that age, it is not menstrual blood, but is considered to be putrid blood. As there is no evidence about when a woman stops menstruating, if an elderly lady finds blood flowing it is considered menstrual blood.
Hadith 1.69.A
Requirements for blood to be considered menstrual
Dark. Once, when Fatimah bint Abu Habash had a prolonged flow of blood, the Prophet told her, "If it is the blood of menstruation, it will be dark and recognizable. If it is that, then leave the prayer. If it is other than that, then make ablution and pray, for it is only due to a vein."
This is related by Abu Dawud, an-Nasa'i, Ibn Hibban and ad-Daraqutni, who said all of its narrators are trustworthy. Al-Hakim also related it, and said that it meets Muslim's standards.
Red. It is the original color of blood.
Yellow. It is a liquid, like pus.
A muddy color. It is an intermediate color between black and white, like dirt.
Malik and Muhammad al-Hassan ( and al-Bukhari in mu'allaq form) recorded that women would send 'Aishah small boxes with yellow-stained cotton, and she would tell them, "Do not be in haste until you see the pure white cotton." If the discharge is yellow or muddy during the days of menstruation, it is to be considered as part of the menses. During other days, it is not regarded as such.
Umm 'Atiyyah said, "After we were pure, we did not consider the yellow or muddy discharge to be anything."
This is related by Abu Dawud and al-Bukhari, but without the words "...after we were pure.. ."
Qur'anic references:
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