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Surah 29. Al-Ankabut, Ayah 3

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وَلَقَدْ فَتَنَّا ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ ۖ فَلَيَعْلَمَنَّ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا۟ وَلَيَعْلَمَنَّ ٱلْكَـٰذِبِينَ
Walaqad fatann a alla th eena min qablihim falayaAAlamanna All a hu alla th eena s adaqoo walayaAAlamanna alk ath ibeen a
Yea, indeed, We did test those who lived before them; and so, [too, shall be tested the people now living: and] most certainly will God mark out those who prove themselves true, and most certainly will He mark out those who are lying.2
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., to others and/or to themselves (see note [7]).

We did test those who have gone before them. Allah has to see (for the purpose of reward and punishment) who are the truthful and who are the liars.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
We certainly tested those before them. And 'in this way' Allah will clearly distinguish between those who are truthful and those who are liars.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Lo! We tested those who were before you. Thus Allah knoweth those who are sincere, and knoweth those who feign.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
We did test those before them and Allah will certainly know those who are true from those who are false. 3424
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The word "know" is used here more in the sense of testing than of acquiring knowledge. Allah is All-Knowing: He needs no test to increase His own knowledge, but the test is to burn out the dross within ourselves, as explained in the last note.

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