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Surah 42. Ash-Shura, Ayah 50

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51 52 53
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أَوْ يُزَوِّجُهُمْ ذُكْرَانًا وَإِنَـٰثًا ۖ وَيَجْعَلُ مَن يَشَآءُ عَقِيمًا ۚ إِنَّهُۥ عَلِيمٌ قَدِيرٌ
Aw yuzawwijuhum th ukr a nan wain a than wayajAAalu man yash a o AAaqeeman innahu AAaleemun qadeer un
or He gives both male and female [to whomever He wills], and causes to be barren whomever He wills: for, verily He is all-knowing, infinite in His power.51
  - Mohammad Asad

The purport of this passage is a re-affirmation of the fact that whatever happens to man is an outcome of God's unfathomable will: a fact which is illustrated in the sequence by the most common, recurrent phenomenon in man's life - the unpredictability of male or female births, as well as of barrenness: and so, too, God's bestowal of worldly happiness and unhappiness cannot be measured or predicted in terms of what man may regard as his "due".

To some He gives both sons and daughters, and makes barren whom He will; surely He is All-knowledgeable, All-Powerful.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
or grants both, sons and daughters, 'to whoever He wills', and leaves whoever He wills infertile. He is indeed All-Knowing, Most Capable.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Or He mingleth them, males and females, and He maketh barren whom He will. Lo! He is Knower, Powerful.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Or He bestows both males and females and He leaves barren whom He will: for He is Full of knowledge and power. 4596
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

To parents themselves it is a mystery why a male or female child is given at any birth, or how the balance of the two sexes is made up in a family or in large groups of mankind, or why in some cases the womb is barren and the would be parents are denied the joys and responsibilities of parenthood. But each individual human soul is precious in the Plan of Allah, and all these variations, besides their reactions on parents and on society, have a purpose to fulfil in the large Plan of Allah.

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