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Surah 9. Al-Tawba, Ayah 8

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9. Al-Tawba
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كَيْفَ وَإِن يَظْهَرُوا۟ عَلَيْكُمْ لَا يَرْقُبُوا۟ فِيكُمْ إِلًّا وَلَا ذِمَّةً ۚ يُرْضُونَكُم بِأَفْوَٰهِهِمْ وَتَأْبَىٰ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَأَكْثَرُهُمْ فَـٰسِقُونَ
Kayfa wain ya th haroo AAalaykum l a yarquboo feekum illan wal a th immatan yur d oonakum biafw a hihim watab a quloobuhum waaktharuhum f a siqoon a
How [else could it be]?14 - since, if they [who are hostile to you] were to overcome you, they would not respect any tie [with you,] nor any obligation to protect [you].15 They seek to please you with their mouths the while their hearts remain averse [to you]; and most of them are iniquitous.
  - Mohammad Asad

This connects with the opening clause of the preceding verse, and relates to the hostile among "those who ascribe divinity to aught beside God".

The term ill signifies any tie that arises from a compact or from blood-relationship, and which imposes on both parties the obligation to protect each other (cf. Lane I, 75); the latter implication is expressed in the word dhimmah, which literally denotes a "covenant of protection".

How can you trust them? If they prevail against you, they respect neither treaty nor ties of relationship. They just flatter you with their tongues, but their hearts reject you, and most of them are transgressors.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
How 'can they have a treaty'? If they were to have the upper hand over you, they would have no respect for kinship or treaty. They only flatter you with their tongues, but their hearts are in denial, and most of them are rebellious.
  - Mustafa Khattab
How (can there be any treaty for the others) when, if they have the upper hand of you, they regard not pact nor honor in respect of you? They satisfy you with their mouths the while their hearts refuse. And most of them are wrong doers.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
How (can there be such a league) seeing that if they get an advantage over you they respect not in you the ties either of kinship or of covenant? With (fair words from) their mouths they entice you but their hearts are averse from you; and most of them are rebellious and wicked. 1256 1257
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The exceptions having been stated parenthetically in verse 7, the indictment of the general mass of Pagan tribes is now set out briefly but fully and convincingly. After that kind of behaviour how can treaty be possible with them? The counts are: (1) that whenever they got a slight advantage, they disregarded the ties both of kinship and of covenant as against the Muslims because of their Faith, thus proving doubly treacherous; (2) that they spoke fair words, but had venom in their hearts; (3) that their attitude was one of rebellion against their plighted word; (4) that they disregarded the solemn words of Allah for some miserable worldly gain; (5) that they tried to prevent other people from coming to the Way of Allah. The first clause is repeated again as the last clause, to emphasise their double treachery, and round off the argument.

Among the Arabs the ties of kinship were so strong as to be almost unbreakable. The Pagan Arabs went out of their way to break them in the case of the Muslims, who were kith and kin to them. Besides the bond of kinship there was the further bond of their plighted oath in the Treaty. They broke that oath because the other parties were Muslims!

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