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Surah 78. An-Naba

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78:21
إِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ كَانَتْ مِرْصَادًا Inna jahannama k a nat mir sa d a n
[On that Day,] verily, hell will lie in wait [for those who deny the truth] -
  - Mohammad Asad
For sure, the hell shall lie in ambush,
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Indeed, Hell is lying in ambush
  - Mustafa Khattab
Lo! hell lurketh in ambush,
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Truly Hell is as a place of ambush 5899
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Hell, the embodiment of evil, is lying in wait like an ambush for every one. We should be on our guard. For the transgressors, those who have wilfully rebelled against Allah, it will be a definite destination, from which there is no return, except, it may be, after ages, i.e., unless Allah so wills: Cf. vi. 128, and n. 951.

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78:22
لِّلطَّـٰغِينَ مَـَٔابًا Li l tta gheena ma a b a n
a goal for all who are wont to transgress the bounds of what is right!
  - Mohammad Asad
to become a home for the transgressors.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
as a home for the transgressors,
  - Mustafa Khattab
A home for the rebellious.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
For the transgressors a place of destination:
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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78:23
لَّـٰبِثِينَ فِيهَآ أَحْقَابًا L a bitheena feeh a a h q a b a n
In it shall they remain for a long time.12
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., not forever, since the term huqb or hiqbah (of which ahqab is the plural) denotes no more than "a period of time" or "a long time" (Jawhari) - according to some authorities, "eighty years" according to others, "a year" or simply "years" (Asas, Qamus, Lisan al-'Arab, etc.). But however one defines this term, it is obvious that it signifies a limited period of time, and not eternity: and this is in tune with many indications in the Qur'an to the effect that the suffering described as "hell" is not eternal (see note [114] on the last paragraph of 6:128 ), as well as with several authentic sayings of the Prophet (e.g., the one quoted in note [10] on 40:12 ).

There they shall live for ages,
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
where they will remain for 'endless' ages.
  - Mustafa Khattab
They will abide therein for ages.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
They will dwell therein for ages.
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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78:24
لَّا يَذُوقُونَ فِيهَا بَرْدًا وَلَا شَرَابًا L a ya th ooqoona feeh a bardan wal a shar a b a n
Neither coolness shall they taste therein nor any [thirst-quenching] drink -
  - Mohammad Asad
in it they shall taste neither refreshment nor drink,
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
There they will not taste any coolness or drink,
  - Mustafa Khattab
Therein taste they neither coolness nor (any) drink
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Nothing cool shall they tastes therein nor any drink
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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78:25
إِلَّا حَمِيمًا وَغَسَّاقًا Ill a h ameeman waghass a q a n
only burning despair and ice-cold darkness:13
  - Mohammad Asad

For my rendering of hamim as "burning despair", see surah {6}, note [62]. The meaning of ghassaq is explained in note [47] on {38:57-58}.

except scalding water and decaying filth:
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
except boiling water and 'oozing' pus-
  - Mustafa Khattab
Save boiling water and a paralyzing cold:
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Save a boiling fluid and a fluid dark murky intensely cold 5900
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Cf. x. 4, and n. 1390; also xxxviii. 57, and n. 4213.

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78:26
جَزَآءً وِفَاقًا Jaz a an wif a q a n
a meet requital [for their sins]!
  - Mohammad Asad
a fitting recompense for their deeds.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
a fitting reward.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Reward proportioned (to their evil deeds).
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
A fitting recompense (for them). 5901
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Their transgressions go on progressively as they refuse to repent and turn to Allah. The fire of misery begins to blaze forth more and more fiercely, an there is nothing to cool that blaze; their food and drink themselves are tainted with the disorder of contradictory elements,-boiling hot drink, with intensely cold, murky, and disgusting fluids. These are fitting punishments for their crimes, which are inconsistent with the pure and gentle mould in which Allah had originally cast their nature.

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78:27
إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا۟ لَا يَرْجُونَ حِسَابًا Innahum k a noo l a yarjoona h is a b a n
Behold, they were not expecting to be called to account?
  - Mohammad Asad
For they never expected to be accountable,
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
For they never expected any reckoning,
  - Mustafa Khattab
For lo! they looked not for a reckoning;
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
For that they used not to fear any account (for their deeds) 5902
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

It was not isolated acts, but a continued course of evil conduct; they repudiated the moral and spiritual responsibility for their lives; and they impudently called Truth itself by false names and disdained Allah's Signs, which were vouchsafed for their instruction. These are not mere impressions; these are hard facts "preserved on record", so that every deed can have its due weight in making up the account.

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78:28
وَكَذَّبُوا۟ بِـَٔايَـٰتِنَا كِذَّابًا Waka thth aboo bi a y a tin a ki ththa b a n
having given the lie to Our messages one and all:
  - Mohammad Asad
and wittingly rejected Our revelations.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
and totally rejected Our signs.
  - Mustafa Khattab
They called Our revelations false with strong denial.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
But they (impudently) treated Our Signs as false.
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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78:29
وَكُلَّ شَىْءٍ أَحْصَيْنَـٰهُ كِتَـٰبًا Wakulla shayin a hs ayn a hu kit a b a n
but We have placed on record every single thing [of what they did].
  - Mohammad Asad
But We had recorded everything in a Book.
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
And We have everything recorded precisely.
  - Mustafa Khattab
Everything have We recorded in a Book.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And all things have We preserved on record.
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

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78:30
فَذُوقُوا۟ فَلَن نَّزِيدَكُمْ إِلَّا عَذَابًا Fa th ooqoo falan nazeedakum ill a AAa tha b a n
[And so We shall say:] "Taste, then, [the fruit of your evil doings,] for now We shall bestow on you nothing but more and more suffering!"14
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "We shall not increase you in anything but suffering": i.e., until the sins committed in this world are atoned for by commensurate suffering in the hereafter - for "whoever shall come [before God] with an evil deed will be requited with no more than the like thereof; and none shall be wronged" 6:160 .

It will be said: "Taste the fruits of your deeds! You shall have nothing but increase in punishment."
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
'So the deniers will be told,' 'Taste 'the punishment', for all you will get from Us is more torment.'
  - Mustafa Khattab
So taste (of that which ye have earned). No increase do We give you save of torment.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
"So taste ye (the fruits of your deeds); for no increase shall We grant you except in Punishment." 5903
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Just as there is a progressive deterioration in the sinner's soul when he surrenders himself to evil, so there is a progressive increase in the Penalty which he suffers.

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78:31
إِنَّ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ مَفَازًا Inna lilmuttaqeena maf a z a n
[But,] verily, for the God-conscious there is supreme fulfilment in store:15
  - Mohammad Asad

I.e., the fulfilment of all that a human being may ever desire (Razi), symbolized by the "luxuriant gardens", etc., of the sequence.

On that Day, the righteous will certainly achieve their Heart's desires:
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Indeed, the righteous will have salvation-
  - Mustafa Khattab
Lo! for the duteous is achievement
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Verily for the righteous there will be a fulfillment of (the Heart's) desires; 5904
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

This is true Salvation. It is not only safety and felicity, but the attainment of the final Goal, the supreme Achievement, the Fulfilment of the highest in human nature, the satisfaction of the true and pure desires of the heart,-seeing the "Face of Allah". See n. 4733 to xliv. 57.

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78:32
حَدَآئِقَ وَأَعْنَـٰبًا H ad a iqa waaAAn a b a n
luxuriant gardens and vinyards,
  - Mohammad Asad
beautiful gardens, vineyards;
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
Gardens, vineyards,
  - Mustafa Khattab
Gardens enclosed and vineyards,
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Gardens enclosed and Grape-vines; 5905
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The supreme Achievement, or the Fulfilment of the Heart's Desires, spoken of in the last verse, is now described in three illustrations (verses 32-34), as further explained by two negatives (verse 35). The first is the enclosed Fruit-Garden, represented by the Grape. The Garden in its many aspects is the most frequent expression adopted for Bliss. The most carefully-tended Garden is a Fruit-Garden, with walls all round to protect it, and the most characteristic fruit mentioned here is the luscious Grape.

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78:33
وَكَوَاعِبَ أَتْرَابًا Wakaw a AAiba atr a b a n
and splendid companions well-matched,16
  - Mohammad Asad

For the above rendering of atrab, see surah {56}, note [15]. As regards my rendering of kawa'ib as "splendid companions", it is to be remembered that the term ka'b - from which the participle ka'ib is derived - has many meanings, and that one of these meanings is "prominence", "eminence" or "glory" (Lisan al-'Arab); thus, the verb ka'ba, when applied to a person, signifies "he made [another person] prominent", "glorious" or "splendid" (ibid.) Based on this tropical meaning of both the verb ka'ba and the noun ka'b, the participle ka'ib has often been used, in popular parlance, to denote "a girl whose breasts are becoming prominent" or "are budding": hence, many commentators see in it an allusion to some sort of youthful "female companions" who would entertain the (presumably male) inmates of paradise. But quite apart from the fact that all Qur'anic allegories of the joys of paradise invariably apply to men and women alike, this interpretation of kawa'ib overlooks the purely derivative origin of the above popular usage - which is based on the tropical connotation of "prominence" inherent in the noun ka'b - and substitutes for this obvious tropism the literal meaning of something that is physically prominent: and this, in my opinion, is utterly unjustified. If we bear in mind that the Qur'anic descriptions of the blessings of paradise are always allegorical, we realize that in the above context the term kawa'ib can have no other meaning than "glorious [or "splendid"] beings", without any definition of sex; and that, in combination with the term atrab, it denotes, "splendid companions well-matched" - thus alluding to the relations of the blest with one another, and stressing the absolute mutual compatibility and equal dignity of all of them. See also note [13] on 56:34 .

and young women of their own age,
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
and full-bosomed maidens of equal age,
  - Mustafa Khattab
And maidens for companions,
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
Companions of Equal Age; 5906
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The second is maidens of Equal Age.

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78:34
وَكَأْسًا دِهَاقًا Wakasan dih a q a n
and a cup [of happiness] overflowing.
  - Mohammad Asad
and overflowing cups;
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
and full cups 'of pure wine',
  - Mustafa Khattab
And a full cup.
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
And a Cup full (to the Brim). 5907
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The third, the Cup, takes us partly to the Grapes mentioned in verse 32 and partly to the Springs or Rivers mentioned with the Garden in so many places.

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78:35
لَّا يَسْمَعُونَ فِيهَا لَغْوًا وَلَا كِذَّٰبًا L a yasmaAAoona feeh a laghwan wal a ki ththa b a n
No empty talk will they hear in that [paradise], nor any lie.
  - Mohammad Asad
they shall hear no vanity, nor any falsehood;
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
never to hear any idle talk or lying therein-
  - Mustafa Khattab
There hear they never vain discourse, nor lying
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
No Vanity shall they hear therein nor Untruth 5908
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

The explanation of the three illustrations is made further clear by the two negatives. (1) There will be no talk of vanities, such as are usually associated on this earth with pleasant Gardens, Companions of equal age, or generous Cups nowing in Assemblies. (2) There will be no Untruth or Falsehood. Insincerity or Hollowness there. Everything will be on a plane of absolute Truth and Reality.

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