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Surah 21. Al-Anbiya, Ayah 34

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وَمَا جَعَلْنَا لِبَشَرٍ مِّن قَبْلِكَ ٱلْخُلْدَ ۖ أَفَإِي۟ن مِّتَّ فَهُمُ ٱلْخَـٰلِدُونَ
Wam a jaAAaln a libasharin min qablika alkhulda afain mitta fahumu alkh a lidoon a
AND [remind those who deny thee, O Prophet,42 that] never have We granted life everlasting to any mortal before thee:43 but do they, perchance, hope that al-though thou must die, they will live forever?44
  - Mohammad Asad

Lit., "but if, then, thou shouldst die, will they live forever?"-implying an assumption on their part that they would not be called to account on death and resurrection.

This relates to the objection of the unbelievers, mentioned in verse {3} of this surah, that Muhammad is "but a mortal like yourselves", and connects also with verses {7-8}, which stress that all of God's apostles were but mortal men (cf. {3: 144}).

The obvious implication is, "and so We shall not grant it unto thee, either". Cf. {39: 30}-"thou art bound to die".

O Muhammad, We have not granted immortality to any human before you: so if you are to die, will these unbelievers live forever?
  - Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik
We have not granted immortality to any human before you 'O Prophet': so if you die, will they live forever?
  - Mustafa Khattab
We appointed immortality for no mortal before thee. What! if thou diest, can they be immortal?
  - Marmaduke Pickthall
We granted not to any man before thee permanent life (here): if then thou shouldst die would they live permanently? 2696
  - Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Life on this planet without death has not been granted to any man. The taunt of the Unbelievers at the holy Prophet was therefore futile. Could any of them live without death at some time or other? Could they name any one who did?

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